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Gender equality
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====Gendered arrangements of conscription==== {{Main|Conscription#Drafting of women|Conscription and sexism}} Military and conscription has been historically generally gender inequal.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Michalowski|first1=Helen|title=Five feminist principles and the draft|journal=Resistance News|date=May 1982|issue=8|page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Neudel|first1=Marian Henriquez|title=Feminism and the Draft|journal=Resistance News|date=July 1983|issue=13|page=7}}</ref> Increasingly women are [[Social exclusion#Social inclusion|included]] in the military.<ref name=":0b">{{Cite book|title=The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys|last=Benatar|first=David|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-0-470-67451-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdIrkGLHLPsC|author-link=David Benatar|access-date=April 26, 2015|date=May 15, 2012}}</ref> Currently only a few countries in the world, including Norway and Sweden, have gender-equal formal rules for conscription.<ref name=":4b">{{Cite journal|last1=Persson|first1=Alma|last2=Sundevall|first2=Fia|date=2019-03-22|title=Conscripting women: gender, soldiering, and military service in Sweden 1965–2018|journal=Women's History Review|volume=28|issue=7|pages=1039–1056|doi=10.1080/09612025.2019.1596542|issn=0961-2025|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Gender Equality Index|Gender Equality Indices]] have been criticized for neglecting conscription as a source of formal gender inequality.<ref name="h625">{{cite journal | last1=Heikkilä | first1=Jussi | last2=Laukkanen | first2=Ina | title=Gender-specific Call of Duty: A Note on the Neglect of Conscription in Gender Equality Indices | journal=Defence and Peace Economics | volume=33 | issue=5 | date=4 July 2022 | issn=1024-2694 | doi=10.1080/10242694.2020.1844400 | pages=603–615| arxiv=2201.09270 }}</ref>
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