Editing Infant mortality (section)

===Socio-economic factors===
It has been well documented that increased education among mothers, communities, and local health workers results in better [[family planning]], improvement in children's health, and lower rates of children's deaths. High-risk areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, have demonstrated that an increase in women's educational attainment leads to a reduction in infant mortality by about 35%.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Shapiro D, Tenikue M |date=2017-09-13 |title=Women's education, infant and child mortality, and fertility decline in rural and urban sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Demographic Research |volume=37 |pages=669–708 |doi=10.4054/demres.2017.37.21 |issn=1435-9871 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Similarly, coordinated efforts to train community health workers in diagnosis, treatment, malnutrition prevention, reporting and referral services has reduced infant mortality in children under 5 by as much as 38%.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Mugeni C, Levine AC, Munyaneza RM, Mulindahabi E, Cockrell HC, Glavis-Bloom J, Nutt CT, Wagner CM, Gaju E, Rukundo A, Habimana JP, Karema C, Ngabo F, Binagwaho A |date=August 2014 |title=Nationwide implementation of integrated community case management of childhood illness in Rwanda |journal=Global Health: Science and Practice |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=328–41 |doi=10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00080 |pmc=4168626 |pmid=25276592}}</ref> Public health campaigns centered around the [[First 1000 days]] of life have been successful in providing cost-effective supplemental nutrition programs, as well as assisting young mothers in sanitation, hygiene and breastfeeding.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Flood D, Chary A, Colom A, Rohloff P |date=June 2018 |title=Adolescent Rights and the "First 1,000 days" Global Nutrition Movement: A View from Guatemala |journal=Health and Human Rights |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=295–301 |pmc=6039738 |pmid=30008571}}</ref> Increased intake of nutrients and better [[sanitation]] habits have a positive impact on health, especially for developing children. Educational attainment and public health campaigns provide the knowledge and means to practice better habits and lead to lower infant mortality rates.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

A decrease in [[GDP]] results in increased rates of infant mortality.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baird S, Friedman J, Schady N |date=2011 |title=Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~iiep/assets/docs/papers/Baird_IIEPWP2010-7.pdf |journal=The Review of Economics and Statistics |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=847–856 |doi=10.1162/REST_a_00084 |jstor=23016081 |s2cid=57566653 |hdl=10986/4916}}</ref> A reduction in household income reduces the amount being spent on food and healthcare, affecting the quality of life, and reduces access to medical services that ensure full development and survival. Likewise, increased household income translates to more access to nutrients and healthcare, reducing the risks associated with malnutrition and infant mortality.<ref name="haddad-2003">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Haddad L, Alderman H, Appleton S, Song L, Yohannes Y |date=2003-06-01 |title=Reducing Child Malnutrition: How Far Does Income Growth Take Us? |journal=The World Bank Economic Review |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=107–131 |doi=10.1093/wber/lhg012 |issn=0258-6770 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10419/81795}}</ref> Moreover, increased aggregate household incomes will produce better health facilities, water and [[Sewage treatment|sewer infrastructures]] for the entire community.<ref name="haddad-2003" />