Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Large intestine
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
===Colonoscopy=== {{Main|Colonoscopy}} [[File:Colonoscopy splenic flexure.jpg|thumb|Colonoscopy image, [[splenic flexure]],<br />normal [[mucosa]]. The [[spleen]] can be seen through it]] [[Colonoscopy]] is the [[endoscopy|endoscopic]] examination of the large intestine and the [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] part of the [[ileum|small bowel]] with a [[CCD camera]] or a [[fiber optic]] camera on a flexible tube passed through the [[Human anus|anus]]. It can provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. [[Peptic ulcer|ulceration]], [[Colorectal polyp|polyps]]) and grants the opportunity for [[biopsy]] or removal of suspected [[colorectal cancer]] lesions. Colonoscopy can remove polyps as small as one millimetre or less. Once polyps are removed, they can be studied with the aid of a microscope to determine if they are precancerous or not. It takes 15 years or fewer for a polyp to turn cancerous. Colonoscopy is similar to [[sigmoidoscopy]]βthe difference being related to which parts of the colon each can examine. A colonoscopy allows an examination of the entire colon (1200β1500 mm in length). A sigmoidoscopy allows an examination of the distal portion (about 600 mm) of the colon, which may be sufficient because benefits to cancer survival of colonoscopy have been limited to the detection of lesions in the distal portion of the colon.<ref name="Baxter09">{{cite journal|vauthors=Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L |title=Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=1β8 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19075198 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00306 |s2cid=24130424 |doi-access= }} [http://www.media.dssimon.com/taperequest/acp50_study.pdf as PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118213536/http://www.media.dssimon.com/taperequest/acp50_study.pdf |date=2012-01-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh H, Nugent Z, Mahmud SM, Demers AA, Bernstein CN |title=Surgical resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review of published studies |journal=Am J Gastroenterol |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=663β673 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19904239 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.650 |s2cid=11145247 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Alterhofen L, Haug U |title=Protection from right- and left-sided colorectal neoplasms after colonoscopy: population-based study |journal=J Natl Cancer Inst |volume= 102|issue= 2|pages=89β95 |date=January 2010 |pmid=20042716 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djp436 |s2cid=1887714 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A sigmoidoscopy is often used as a screening procedure for a full colonoscopy, often done in conjunction with a stool-based test such as a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), or multi-target stool DNA test (Cologuard) or blood-based test, SEPT9 DNA methylation test (Epi proColon).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tepus |first1=M |last2=Yau |first2=TO |title=Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Overview |journal=Gastrointestinal Tumors |date=20 May 2020 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=62β73 |doi=10.1159/000507701|pmid=32903904 |pmc=7445682 |doi-access=free }}</ref> About 5% of these screened patients are referred to colonoscopy.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, etal |title=Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial |journal=Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9726 |pages=1624β33 |date=May 2010 |pmid=20430429 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60551-X |s2cid=15194212 |doi-access=free }} [http://www.foroaps.org/blogevidencia/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/once_only_sigmoid.pdf as PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324041415/http://www.foroaps.org/blogevidencia/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/once_only_sigmoid.pdf |date=2012-03-24 }}</ref> [[Virtual colonoscopy]], which uses 2D and 3D imagery reconstructed from [[computed tomography]] (CT) scans or from [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] (MR) scans, is also possible, as a totally [[non-invasive (medical)|non-invasive]] medical test, although it is not standard and still under investigation regarding its diagnostic abilities. Furthermore, virtual colonoscopy does not allow for therapeutic maneuvers such as polyp/tumour removal or biopsy nor visualization of lesions smaller than 5 millimeters. If a growth or polyp is detected using CT colonography, a standard colonoscopy would still need to be performed. Additionally, surgeons have lately been using the term [[pouchoscopy]] to refer to a colonoscopy of the [[ileo-anal pouch]].
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)