Editing Mast cell (section)

==Research==
===Autism===
Research into an immunological contribution to [[autism]] suggests that [[autism spectrum disorder]] (ASD) children may present with "allergic-like" problems in the absence of elevated serum IgE and chronic [[urticaria]], suggesting non-allergic mast cell activation in response to environmental and stress triggers. This mast cell activation could contribute to brain inflammation and neurodevelopmental problems.<ref>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Theoharides TC, Angelidou A, Alysandratos KD, etal |title=Mast cell activation and autism |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease |volume=1822 |issue=1 |pages=34–41 |date=January 2012  |pmid=21193035 |doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.017|doi-access= }}</ref>

===Histological staining===
[[Toluidine blue stain|Toluidine blue]]: one of the most common stains for acid [[mucopolysaccharides]] and [[glycoaminoglycans]], components of mast cells granules.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Blumenkrantz N, Asboe-Hansen G |title=A selective stain for mast cells |journal=The Histochemical Journal |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=277–82 |date=May 1975  |pmid=47855 |doi=10.1007/BF01003596|s2cid=32711203 }}</ref>

[[Bismarck brown Y|Bismarck brown:]] stains mast cell granules brown.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tomov|first1=N.|last2=Dimitrov|first2=N.|date=2017|title=Modified bismarck brown staining for demonstration of soft tissue mast cells|url=http://tru.uni-sz.bg/tsj/Vol15_N3_2017/2_N.Tomov.pdf|journal=Trakia Journal of Sciences|volume=15|issue=3|pages=195–197|doi=10.15547/tjs.2017.03.001|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Surface markers: cell surface markers of mast cells were discussed in detail by Heneberg,<ref name=Heneberg>{{cite journal |author=Heneberg P |title=Mast cells and basophils: trojan horses of conventional lin- stem/progenitor cell isolates |journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design |volume=17 |issue=34 |pages=3753–71 |date=November 2011  |pmid=22103846 |doi=10.2174/138161211798357881}}</ref> claiming that mast cells may be inadvertently included in the stem or progenitor cell isolates, since part of them is positive for the CD34 antigen. The classical mast cell markers include the high-affinity IgE receptor, CD117 (c-Kit), and CD203c (for most of the mast cell populations). Expression of some molecules may change in course of the mast cell activation.<ref name=Lebduska>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lebduska P, Korb J, Tůmová M, Heneberg P, Dráber P |title=Topography of signaling molecules as detected by electron microscopy on plasma membrane sheets isolated from non-adherent mast cells |journal=Journal of Immunological Methods |volume=328 |issue=1–2 |pages=139–51 |date=December 2007  |pmid=17900607 |doi=10.1016/j.jim.2007.08.015}}</ref>

===Heterogeneity===
Mast cell heterogeneity significantly impacts the efficacy of mast cell stabilizing drugs [[disodium cromoglycate]] and [[ketotifen]] in preventing mediator release. In experiments, ketotifen inhibits mast cells from lung and tonsillar tissues when stimulated via an IgE-dependent histamine release mechanism, while disodium cromoglycate is less effective but still inhibited these mast cells. However, both agents fail to inhibit mediator release from skin mast cells, indicating that these cells are unresponsive to these stabilizers. Such differences in mast cell activation suggests the existence of different mast cell types across various tissues{{emdash}}a topic of ongoing research.<ref name="pmid23441583">{{cite journal |vauthors=Finn DF, Walsh JJ |title=Twenty-first century mast cell stabilizers |journal=Br J Pharmacol |volume=170 |issue=1 |pages=23–37 |date=September 2013 |pmid=23441583 |pmc=3764846 |doi=10.1111/bph.12138}}</ref><ref name="pmid26755686">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang L |last2=Song J |last3=Hou X |date=April 2016 |title=Mast Cells and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: From the Bench to the Bedside |url=https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=1103&vmd=Full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121114113/https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=1103&vmd=Full |archive-date=21 November 2021 |journal=[[Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility|J Neurogastroenterol Motil.]] |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=181–192 |doi=10.5056/jnm15137 |pmc=4819856 |pmid=26755686 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>