Editing Open access (section)

==== Universities ====
A growing number of universities are providing institutional repositories in which their researchers can deposit their published articles. Some open access advocates believe that institutional repositories will play a very important role in responding to open-access mandates from funders.<ref>[http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/369-guid.html How To Integrate University and Funder Open Access Mandates] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316202403/http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?%2Farchives%2F369-guid.html |date=16 March 2008 }}. Openaccess.eprints.org (2 March 2008). Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref>

In May 2005, 16 major [[Dutch universities]] cooperatively launched [[Darenet|DAREnet]], the Digital Academic Repositories, making over 47,000 research papers available.<ref>Libbenga, Jan. (11 May 2005) [https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/05/11/open_access_research/ Dutch academics declare research free-for-all] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715102913/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/05/11/open_access_research/ |date=15 July 2017 }}. Theregister.co.uk. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> From 2 June 2008, DAREnet has been incorporated into the scholarly portal [[NARCIS (National Academic Research and Collaboration Information System)|NARCIS]].<ref>[http://www.narcis.info/ Portal NARCIS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105233251/http://www.narcis.info/ |date=5 November 2010 }}. Narcis.info. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> By 2019, NARCIS provided access to 360,000 open access publications from all Dutch universities, [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences|KNAW]], [[Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research|NWO]] and a number of scientific institutes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open and closed access scholarly publications in NARCIS per year of publication |url=https://www.narcis.nl/metrics/Language/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426143211/https://www.narcis.nl/metrics/Language/en |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=NARCIS}}</ref>

In 2011, a group of universities in North America formed the Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI) – SPARC |url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/COAPI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018182442/http://www.sparc.arl.org/COAPI |archive-date=18 October 2015 |access-date=20 October 2015 |website=arl.org}}</ref> Starting with 21 institutions where the faculty had either established an open access policy or were in the process of implementing one, COAPI now has nearly 50 members. These institutions' administrators, faculty and librarians, and staff support the international work of the Coalition's awareness-raising and advocacy for open access.

In 2012, the Harvard Open Access Project released its guide to good practices for university open-access policies,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Good practices for university open-access policies |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/hoap/Good_practices_for_university_open-access_policies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005152857/https://cyber.harvard.edu/hoap/Good_practices_for_university_open-access_policies |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=4 October 2016 |website=Harvard}}</ref> focusing on rights-retention policies that allow universities to distribute faculty research without seeking permission from publishers. As of November 2023, Rights retention policies are being adopted by an increasing number of UK universities as well.

In 2013 a group of nine Australian universities formed the Australian Open Access Strategy Group (AOASG) to advocate, collaborate, raise awareness, and lead and build capacity in the open access space in Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2013 |title=About the AOASG |url=http://aoasg.org.au/welcome-to-the-aoasg/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220233015/http://aoasg.org.au/welcome-to-the-aoasg/about/ |archive-date=20 December 2014 |website=Australian Open Access Support Group}}</ref> In 2015, the group expanded to include all eight New Zealand universities and was renamed the Australasian Open Access Support Group.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2015 |title=Australian Open Access Support Group expands to become Australasian Open Access Support Group |url=http://aoasg.org.au/2015/08/17/australian-open-access-support-group-expands-to-become-australasian-open-access-support-group/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033048/http://aoasg.org.au/2015/08/17/australian-open-access-support-group-expands-to-become-australasian-open-access-support-group/ |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> It was then renamed the Australasian Open Access Strategy Group, highlighting its emphasis on strategy. The awareness raising activities of the AOASG include presentations, workshops, blogs, and a webinar series on open access issues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2016 |title=Creative Commons Australia partners with Australasian Open Access Strategy Group |work=Creative Commons Australia}}</ref>