Editing Problem solving (section)

== Characteristics of complex problems ==

Complex problem solving (CPS) is distinguishable from simple problem solving (SPS). In SPS there is a singular and simple obstacle. In CPS there may be multiple simultaneous obstacles. For example, a surgeon at work has far more complex problems than an individual deciding what shoes to wear. As elucidated by Dietrich Dörner, and later expanded upon by Joachim Funke, complex problems have some typical characteristics, which include:<ref name="Complex Problem Solving"/>

* [[complexity]] (large numbers of items, interrelations, and decisions)
* [[enumerability]]{{clarify|reason=what is enumerable? does this mean enumerable in the formal mathematical sense? what would it mean for a complex problem to be unenumerable?|date=September 2023}}
* [[Homogeneity and heterogeneity|heterogeneity]]{{Specify|reason=of what?|date=September 2023}}
* [[:wikt:connectivity|connectivity]] (hierarchy relation, communication relation, allocation relation){{clarify|reason=it's unclear what this refers to or what that parenthetical list means|date=September 2023}}
* [[Dynamics (physics)|dynamics]] (time considerations){{clarify|reason=what do either "dynamics" or "time considerations" mean in this context?|date=September 2023}}
** temporal constraints
** temporal sensitivity{{clarify|reason=how does this differ from "temporal constraints"?|date=September 2023}}
** phase effects{{Definition needed|date=September 2023}}
** dynamic [[Predictability|unpredictability]]{{Specify|reason=of what?|date=September 2023}}
* intransparency (lack of clarity of the situation)
** commencement opacity{{Definition needed|date=September 2023}}
** continuation opacity{{Definition needed|date=September 2023}}
* [[polytely]] (multiple goals)<ref>{{cite book |year=1991 |editor-first1=R. J. |editor-last1=Sternberg |editor-first2=P. A. |editor-last2=Frensch |title=Complex problem solving: Principles and mechanisms |place=Hillsdale, NJ |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates |isbn=0-8058-0650-4 |oclc=23254443}}</ref>
** inexpressivenes{{Specify|reason=of what to what?|date=September 2023}}
** opposition{{Specify|reason=to what by what?|date=September 2023}}
** transience{{Specify|reason=of what|date=September 2023}}