Editing Qualcomm (section)

===Apple===
In January 2017, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) initiated an investigation into allegations that Qualcomm charged excessive royalties for patents that are "essential to industry standards".<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 17, 2017 |title=Qualcomm shares plunge amid US antitrust case |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/qualcomm-shares-plunge-after-report-said-it-will-face-us-antitrust-case.html |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206123128/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/qualcomm-shares-plunge-after-report-said-it-will-face-us-antitrust-case.html |url-status=live }}</ref> That same year, Apple initiated a {{US$|long=no|1 billion}} lawsuit against Qualcomm in the U.S. alleging Qualcomm overcharged for semiconductors and failed to pay {{US$|long=no|1 billion}} in rebates.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 21, 2017 |title=Apple files $1 billion lawsuit against chip supplier Qualcomm |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-lawsuit-qualcomm-idUSKBN1542SG |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113201800/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-lawsuit-qualcomm-idUSKBN1542SG |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balakrishnan |first=Anita |date=January 21, 2017 |title=Qualcomm blasts 'baseless' $1 billion Apple royalties lawsuit |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/apple-sues-qualcomm-for-1-billion.html |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125224139/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/apple-sues-qualcomm-for-1-billion.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Apple also filed lawsuits in China<ref name="Pressman 2017">{{Cite web |last=Pressman |first=Aaron |date=January 26, 2017 |title=Qualcomm Slams Apple Over Lawsuits |url=http://fortune.com/2017/01/26/qualcomm-apple-patent-fight-analysts/ |access-date=October 4, 2017 |website=Fortune |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203212012/https://fortune.com/2017/01/26/qualcomm-apple-patent-fight-analysts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the United Kingdom.<ref name="adfljajdcpajdpfijaoiwec">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2017 |title=Apple Is Expanding its War with Qualcomm |url=http://fortune.com/2017/03/03/apple-qualcomm-legal-battle/ |access-date=October 4, 2017 |website=Fortune |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018125602/http://fortune.com/2017/03/03/apple-qualcomm-legal-battle/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Apple alleged Qualcomm was engaging in unfair competition by selling industry-standard patents at a discount rate in exchange for an exclusivity agreement for its semiconductor products.<ref name="King McLaughlin Rosenblatt 2017">{{Cite web |last1=King |first1=Ian |last2=McLaughlin |first2=David |last3=Rosenblatt |first3=Joel |date=January 17, 2017 |title=Qualcomm Accused of Forcing Deal on Apple to Thwart Rivals |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-17/qualcomm-forced-apple-to-exclusively-use-modem-chips-ftc-says |access-date=October 4, 2017 |website=Bloomberg.com |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016100304/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-17/qualcomm-forced-apple-to-exclusively-use-modem-chips-ftc-says |url-status=live }}</ref> An FTC report reached similar conclusions.<ref name="King McLaughlin Rosenblatt 2017" /> Qualcomm filed counter-claims alleging Apple made false and misleading statements to induce regulators to sue Qualcomm.<ref name="Forbespatents">{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2017 |title=Qualcomm Is Suing iPhone Manufacturers In Backlash Against Apple |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2017/05/17/qualcomm-suing-apple-contract-manufacturers/#e0eea6a183a7 |access-date=October 4, 2017 |website=Forbes |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917093146/https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2017/05/17/qualcomm-suing-apple-contract-manufacturers/#e0eea6a183a7 |url-status=live }}</ref> Qualcomm also sued Apple's suppliers for allegedly not paying Qualcomm's patent royalties, after Apple stopped reimbursing them for patent fees.<ref name="Forbespatents" /><ref name="Fortune 2017Apple">{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2017 |title=Apple Stops Paying Qualcomm Royalties |url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/28/apple-iphone-royalties-qualcomm/ |access-date=October 5, 2017 |website=Fortune |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013080443/http://fortune.com/2017/04/28/apple-iphone-royalties-qualcomm/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Qualcomm petitioned the International Trade Commission to prohibit imports of iPhones, on the premise that they contain stolen Qualcomm patents after Apple's suppliers stopped paying.<ref name="King Decker 2017">{{Cite web |last1=King |first1=Ian |last2=Decker |first2=Susan |date=May 3, 2017 |title=Qualcomm Said to Seek U.S. Import Ban for iPhones |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-03/qualcomm-said-to-seek-u-s-import-ban-for-iphones |access-date=October 5, 2017 |website=Bloomberg.com |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014110207/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-03/qualcomm-said-to-seek-u-s-import-ban-for-iphones |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In August 2017, the International Trade Commission responded to Qualcomm's complaints by starting an investigation of Apple's use of Qualcomm patents without royalties.<ref name="Heavey Nellis 2017">{{Cite web |last1=Heavey |first1=Susan |last2=Nellis |first2=Stephen |date=August 8, 2017 |title=U.S. to review Qualcomm's complaints about Apple iPhone patents |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-qualcomm/u-s-to-review-qualcomms-complaints-about-apple-iphone-patents-idUSKBN1AO23R |access-date=October 5, 2017 |website=U.S. |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926064323/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-qualcomm/u-s-to-review-qualcomms-complaints-about-apple-iphone-patents-idUSKBN1AO23R |url-status=live }}</ref> Qualcomm also filed suit against Apple in China for alleged patent infringement in October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Ian |date=October 13, 2017 |title=Qualcomm Seeks China iPhone Ban, Expanding Apple Legal Fight |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-13/qualcomm-seeks-china-iphone-ban-escalating-apple-legal-fight |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Bloomberg |archive-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701063107/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-13/qualcomm-seeks-china-iphone-ban-escalating-apple-legal-fight |url-status=live }}</ref> The following month, Apple counter-sued, alleging Qualcomm was using patented Apple technology in its Android components.<ref name="Nellis 2017">{{Cite web |last=Nellis |first=Stephen |date=November 29, 2017 |title=Apple accuses Qualcomm of patent infringement in countersuit |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-qualcomm/apple-accuses-qualcomm-patent-infringement-in-countersuit-idUSKBN1DT1UU |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=U.S. |archive-date=August 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133037/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-qualcomm/apple-accuses-qualcomm-patent-infringement-in-countersuit-idUSKBN1DT1UU |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In December 2018, Chinese<ref name="Nellis 2018">{{Cite web |last=Nellis |first=Stephen |date=December 11, 2018 |title=China court bans sales of older iPhone models in Apple-Qualcomm global battle |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-qualcomm-apple-idUSKBN1O91LD |access-date=December 18, 2019 |website=U.S. |archive-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727002442/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-qualcomm-apple-idUSKBN1O91LD |url-status=live }}</ref> and German<ref name="Feiner 2018">{{Cite web |last=Feiner |first=Lauren |date=December 20, 2018 |title=Apple will stop selling some iPhone models in its stores in Germany following ruling in Qualcomm patent case |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/20/qualcomm-reportedly-wins-injunction-against-apple-in-munich.html |access-date=December 18, 2019 |website=CNBC |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011215723/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/20/qualcomm-reportedly-wins-injunction-against-apple-in-munich.html |url-status=live }}</ref> courts held that Apple infringed on Qualcomm patents and banned sales of certain iPhones. Some patents were held to be invalid,<ref name="Bloomberg 2019">{{Cite web |last1=Decker |first1=Susan |last2=King |first2=Ian |last3=Gurman |first3=Mark |date=March 26, 2019 |title=Apple Dodges One Import Ban in Qualcomm Fight, Faces Another |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-26/apple-infringes-qualcomm-patent-judge-recommends-iphone-ban |access-date=December 18, 2019 |website=Bloomberg |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031050138/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-26/apple-infringes-qualcomm-patent-judge-recommends-iphone-ban |url-status=live }}</ref> while others were infringed by Apple.<ref name="Nieva 2019">{{Cite web |last=Nieva |first=Richard |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Apple dealt legal blow as jury awards Qualcomm $31 million |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-qualcomm-patent-infringement-verdict/ |access-date=December 18, 2019 |website=CNET |archive-date=March 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314131802/https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-qualcomm-patent-infringement-verdict/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In April 2019, Apple and Qualcomm reached an agreement to cease all litigation and sign a six-year licensing agreement.<ref name="daoijdaiew">{{Cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Don |last2=Wakabayashi |first2=Daisuke |date=April 16, 2019 |title=Apple and Qualcomm Settle All Disputes Worldwide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/technology/apple-qualcomm-settle.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128190032/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/technology/apple-qualcomm-settle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The settlement included a one-time payment from Apple of about {{val|p=$|4.5 |to| 4.7 |u=billion}}.<ref name="daiuowbavinadsewmgn">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2019 |title=Qualcomm Pegs Payment From Apple at $4.5 Billion to $4.7 Billion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/technology/qualcomm-apple-payment.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107231046/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/technology/qualcomm-apple-payment.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Terms of the six-year licensing agreement were not disclosed, but the licensing fees were expected to increase revenues by {{US$|long=no|2}} per-share.<ref name="daoijdaiew" /><ref name="daiuowbavinadsewmgn" />
 
In January 2018, the European Competition Commission fined Qualcomm {{US$|long=no|1.2 billion}} for an arrangement to use Qualcomm chips exclusively in Apple's mobile products.<ref name="Olson 2018">{{Cite web |last=Olson |first=Parmy |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Qualcomm Hit With $1.2 Billion EU Antitrust Fine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2018/01/24/qualcomm-1-2-billion-eu-antitrust-fine/ |access-date=August 13, 2018 |website=Forbes |archive-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203023058/https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2018/01/24/qualcomm-1-2-billion-eu-antitrust-fine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="danonqveroidnsiun">{{Cite web |last=Bray |first=Chad |date=January 24, 2018 |title=E.U. Fines Qualcomm $1.2 Billion Over Apple Deal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/business/eu-qualcomm-fine-antitrust.html |access-date=August 13, 2018 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815023358/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/business/eu-qualcomm-fine-antitrust.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Drozdiak Greenwald 2018">{{Cite web |last1=Drozdiak |first1=Natalia |last2=Greenwald |first2=Ted |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Qualcomm Is Slapped With $1.23 Billion EU Fine for Illegal Payments to Apple |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-to-fine-qualcomm-over-exclusivity-payments-to-apple-1516783685 |access-date=August 13, 2018 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921121523/https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-to-fine-qualcomm-over-exclusivity-payments-to-apple-1516783685 |url-status=live }}</ref> Qualcomm appealed the decision,<ref name="Olson 2018" /><ref name="danonqveroidnsiun" /><ref name="Drozdiak Greenwald 2018" /> and in June 2022, Qualcomm announced the company had won its appeal of the [[European Union]] antitrust fine. The appeal had highlighted that Apple as a company had no technical alternative other than to use Qualcomm's LTE chipsets.<ref>{{cite web|website=techcrunch|title= Qualcomm wins appeal against $1BN+ EU antitrust fine|url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/15/qualcomm-eu-antitrust-fine-appeal/|access-date=June 15, 2022|date=June 15, 2022}}</ref>