Editing Sleep (section)

==Sleep health==
{{see also|Sleep hygiene}}

===Sleep duration and quality===
Sleep duration measures the length of sleep, whereas sleep quality includes factors such as speed in falling asleep and whether sleep is unbroken.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/how-to-determine-poor-quality-sleep | title=How to Determine Poor Sleep Quality | date=17 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thensf.org/what-is-sleep-quality/ | title=What is Sleep Quality? | date=12 April 2024 }}</ref> Adequate quality sleep is linked with better mood and the abilities to express and quickly process [[emotion]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lollies |first1=Friederike |last2=Schnatschmidt |first2=Marisa |last3=Bihlmeier |first3=Isabell |last4=Genuneit |first4=Jon |last5=In-Albnon |first5=Tina |last6=Holtmann |first6=Martin |last7=Legenbauer |first7=Tanja |last8=Schlarb |first8=Angelika Anita |date=December 2022 |title=Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions |journal=Sleep Science |language=en |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=490–514 |doi=10.5935/1984-0063.20220082 |pmid=36419813 |issn=1984-0659 |pmc=9670771 }}</ref>

Low quality sleep has been linked with health conditions like [[cardiovascular disease]], [[obesity]], and [[mental illness]]. While poor sleep is common among those with cardiovascular disease, some research indicates that poor sleep can be a contributing cause. Short sleep duration of less than seven hours is correlated with [[coronary heart disease]] and increased risk of death from coronary heart disease. Sleep duration greater than nine hours is also correlated with coronary heart disease, as well as [[stroke]] and cardiovascular events.<ref name="Hale">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ | title = Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–99 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 31900098 | pmc = 7944938 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Jackson">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM | title = Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 417–440 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25785893 | pmc = 4736723 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838 }}</ref><ref name="Cespedes">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM | title = Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 142 | issue = 1 | pages = e20174085 | date = July 2018 | pmid = 29907703 | pmc = 6260972 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2017-4085 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27647451">{{cite journal | vauthors = St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D, Conroy MB, Jean-Louis G, Coons M, Bhatt DL | title = Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association | journal = Circulation | volume = 134 | issue = 18 | pages = e367–e386 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27647451 | pmc = 5567876 | doi = 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444 | type = Review }}</ref>

In both children and adults, short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of obesity, with various studies reporting an increased risk of 45–55%. Other aspects of sleep health have been associated with obesity, including daytime napping, sleep timing, the variability of sleep timing, and low sleep efficiency. However, sleep duration is the most-studied for its impact on obesity.<ref name="Hale"/>

Sleep problems have been frequently viewed as a symptom of mental illness rather than a causative factor. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that they are both a cause and a symptom of mental illness. Insomnia is a significant predictor of [[major depressive disorder]]; a [[meta-analysis]] of 170,000 people showed that insomnia at the beginning of a study period indicated a more than the twofold increased risk for major depressive disorder. Some studies have also indicated correlation between insomnia and [[anxiety]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], and [[suicide]]. Sleep disorders can increase the risk of [[psychosis]] and worsen the severity of psychotic episodes.<ref name="Hale"/>

Sleep research also displays [[race and health|differences in race]] and class. Short sleep and poor sleep are observed more frequently in ethnic minorities than in whites in the US. African-Americans report experiencing short durations of sleep five times more often than whites, possibly as a result of social and environmental factors. A study done in the USA suggested that higher rates of sleep apnea (and poorer responses to treatment) are suffered by children in disadvantaged neighborhoods (which, in context, includes a disproportionate effect on children of African-American descent).<ref name="Wang">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang R, Dong Y, Weng J, Kontos EZ, Chervin RD, Rosen CL, Marcus CL, Redline S | display-authors = 6 | title = Associations among Neighborhood, Race, and Sleep Apnea Severity in Children. A Six-City Analysis | journal = Annals of the American Thoracic Society | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 76–84 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27768852 | pmc = 5291481 | doi = 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-662OC }}</ref>

===Sleep hygiene===
Sleep health can be improved through implementing good [[sleep hygiene]] habits. Having good sleep hygiene can help to improve your physical and mental health by providing your body with the necessary rejuvenation only restful sleep can provide.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 September 2020|title=Mental Health and Sleep|url=https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health|access-date=18 November 2021|website=Sleep Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Some ways to improve sleep health include going to sleep at consistent times every night, avoiding any electronic devices such as televisions in the bedroom, getting adequate exercise throughout your day, and avoiding caffeine in the hours before going to sleep. Another way to greatly improve sleep hygiene is by creating a peaceful and relaxing sleep environment. Sleeping in a dark and clean room with things like a white noise maker can help facilitate restful sleep.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2019|title=CDC - Sleep Hygiene Tips - Sleep and Sleep Disorders|url=https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html|access-date=18 November 2021|website=cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> However, [[noise]], with the exception of [[white noise]], may not be good for sleep.