Editing Traditional animation (section)

===Xerography===
Applied to animation by [[Ub Iwerks]] at the Walt Disney studio during the late 1950s, the [[electrostatic]] copying technique called [[xerography]] allowed the drawings to be copied directly onto the cels, eliminating much of the "inking" portion of the ink-and-paint process.{{sfn|Laybourne|1998|p=213}} This saved time and money, and it also made it possible to put in more details and to control the size of the xeroxed objects and characters. At first, it resulted in a more sketchy look, but the technique was improved upon over time.

Disney animator and engineer [[Bill Justice]] had patented a forerunner of the Xerox process in 1944, where drawings made with a special pencil would be transferred to a cel by pressure, and then fixing it. It is not known if the process was ever used in animation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afilmla.blogspot.com/2008/07/nice-try-bill_26.html|title= Nice Try, Bill... |website=A. Film L.A. |date=July 26, 2008 |access-date=1 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016235121/http://afilmla.blogspot.com/2008/07/nice-try-bill_26.html |archive-date= Oct 16, 2015 }}</ref>

The xerographic method was first tested by Disney in a few scenes of ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' and was first fully used in the short film ''[[Goliath II]]'', while the first feature entirely using this process was ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' (1961). The graphic style of this film was strongly influenced by the process. Some hand inking was still used together with xerography in this and subsequent films when distinct colored lines were needed. Later, colored [[toner (printing)|toner]]s became available, and several distinct line colors could be used, even simultaneously. For instance, in ''[[The Rescuers]]'' the characters' outlines are gray. White and blue toners were used for special effects, such as snow and water.