Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Trigonometric functions
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
===Derivatives and antiderivatives=== The [[derivative]]s of trigonometric functions result from those of sine and cosine by applying the [[quotient rule]]. The values given for the [[antiderivative]]s in the following table can be verified by differentiating them. The number {{mvar|C}} is a [[constant of integration]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !<math>f(x)</math> !! <math>f'(x)</math> !! <math display="inline">\int f(x) \, dx</math> |- |<math>\sin x</math>||<math>\cos x</math>||<math>-\cos x + C</math> |- |<math>\cos x</math>||<math>-\sin x</math>||<math>\sin x + C</math> |- |<math>\tan x</math>||<math>\sec^2 x</math>||<math>\ln \left| \sec x \right| + C</math> |- |<math>\csc x</math>||<math>-\csc x \cot x</math>||<math>\ln \left| \csc x - \cot x \right| + C</math> |- |<math>\sec x</math>||<math>\sec x \tan x</math>||<math>\ln \left| \sec x + \tan x \right| + C</math> |- |<math>\cot x</math>||<math>-\csc^2 x</math>||<math>-\ln \left| \csc x \right| + C</math> |} Note: For <math>0<x<\pi</math> the integral of <math>\csc x</math> can also be written as <math>-\operatorname{arsinh}(\cot x),</math> and for the integral of <math>\sec x</math> for <math>-\pi/2<x<\pi/2</math> as <math>\operatorname{arsinh}(\tan x),</math> where <math>\operatorname{arsinh}</math> is the [[inverse hyperbolic sine]]. Alternatively, the derivatives of the 'co-functions' can be obtained using trigonometric identities and the chain rule: :<math> \begin{align} \frac{d\cos x}{dx} &= \frac{d}{dx}\sin(\pi/2-x)=-\cos(\pi/2-x)=-\sin x \, , \\ \frac{d\csc x}{dx} &= \frac{d}{dx}\sec(\pi/2 - x) = -\sec(\pi/2 - x)\tan(\pi/2 - x) = -\csc x \cot x \, , \\ \frac{d\cot x}{dx} &= \frac{d}{dx}\tan(\pi/2 - x) = -\sec^2(\pi/2 - x) = -\csc^2 x \, . \end{align} </math>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)