Editing Tumulus (section)

===Europe===

====Southeast Europe====

=====Albania=====
Tumuli are one of the most prominent types of prehistoric monuments spread throughout northern and southern [[Albania]]. Some well-known local tumuli are:
* [[Kamenica Tumulus]]
* [[Lofkënd Tumulus]]
* [[Pazhok Tumulus]]

=====Bosnia and Herzegovina=====
More than 50 burial mounds were found in Kupres. Man from Kupres – the skeleton found in one of the tumuli is believed to be more than 3000&nbsp;years old and it is kept in Gorica museum in Livno. Glasinac has many tumuli. During the Bronze and Iron Age it was a place of strong [[Glasinac culture]], who buried their dead in tumulus.

=====Bulgaria=====
{{Main|Valley of the Thracian Rulers|Thracians}}

[[File:SveshtariTumulus.jpg|right|thumb|The entrance to the [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari|tomb (or temple) mound of Sveshtari]]]]

[[File:Alexandrovo Burial mound.JPG|right|thumb|[[Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo|Alexandrovo burial mound]]]]

[[File:Shushments2.jpg|right|thumb|[[Thracian tomb Shushmanets|Thracian tomb (or temple) Shushmanets]]]]

[[File:The Thracian tomb Goliama Kosmatka, Bulgaria 01.jpg|right|thumb|[[Tomb of Seuthes III|Thracian tomb of Seuthes III (Goliama Kosmatka)]]]]

[[File:VarnaMemorial.jpg|right|thumb|Memorial of the [[Battle of Varna]] dedicated to [[Władysław III of Poland]], dug into an ancient Thracian tumulus]]

On the territory of [[Bulgaria]] there are over 60,000 ancient [[Thracians|Thracian]] mounds, of which only about 1,000 have been studied. There are also Roman and [[Thraco-Roman]] burial tombs. Those tumuli over ancient tombs, temples and sanctuaries are found throughout the whole territory of Bulgaria. Some of the world's most significant and famous being the [[Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak|Kazanlak]] and [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari|Sveshtari]] tombs, [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] sites. Located near the ancient Thracian capital cities of [[Seuthopolis]] (of the [[Odrysian kingdom]]) and Daosdava or Helis (of the [[Getae]]), perhaps they represented royal burials. Other notable tumuli are the Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo, [[Thracian tomb Golyama Arsenalka]], Thracian tomb Shushmanets, [[Thracian tomb Griffins]], [[Thracian tomb Helvetia]], [[Thracian tomb Ostrusha]], Tomb of Seuthes III and the other tombs around [[Starosel]], others contained offerings such as the [[Panagyuriste treasure|Panagyurishte]] and [[Rogozen treasure|Rogozen]] treasures. Some of the sites are located in the [[Valley of the Thracian Rulers]]. The mound of the [[Tomb of Seuthes III|Tomb of Seuthes III "Golyama Kosmatka"]] is among the largest mounds in Thrace, with a maximum height of 23 m. and a diameter of 130 m.

=====Croatia=====
There are thousands of tumuli throughout all Croatia, built of stone ([[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''gomila'', ''gromila'') in the karst areas (by the [[Adriatic Sea]]) or made of earth (Croatian: ''humak'') in the inland plains and hills. Most of these prehistoric structures were built in the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, from the middle Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age, by the [[Illyrians]] or their direct ancestors in the same place; the [[Liburnians|Liburnian]] inhumation of dead under tumuli was certainly inherited from the earlier times, as early as the [[Copper Age]]. Smaller tumuli were used as the burial mounds, while bigger (some up to 7&nbsp;metres high with 60&nbsp;metres long base) were the [[cenotaph]]s (empty tombs) and ritual places.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.udruga-kameleon.hr/tekst/1134/ |title=Tumulusi u Hrvatskoj – veličanstvene prapovijesne "piramide" |author=Goran Majetić |date=9 July 2008 |publisher=udruga-kameleon.ht |access-date=8 October 2010 |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513203027/http://www.udruga-kameleon.hr/tekst/1134/ |archive-date=13 May 2010 }}</ref>

=====Greece=====
{{Main|Vergina}}

Some of the world's most prominent Tumuli, the Macedonian tombs and a cist-grave at [[Vergina]] include the tomb of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]] (359–336&nbsp;BC), father of [[Alexander the Great]] (336–323&nbsp;BC), as well as the tomb of [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] (323–309&nbsp;BC), son of Alexander the Great. A very large tumulus has been discovered in [[Amphipolis]]. Known as the [[Kasta Tomb]], the tomb's occupant is presently unknown. Also numerous Mycenaean Greek Tombs are in all essence Tumuli, notably Agamemnon's site in Mycenae, and other sites in Tiryns, near Olympia and Pylos, and mostly in the Peloponnese peninsula near Mycenaean sites and Bronze Age settlements. Moreover, in [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]] there are numerous Tumuli, some excavated, others not. A notable one is in Marathon, serving as a burial for the ones who fell during battle.

As of October 2014 there are ongoing excavations at the Kasta Tomb in Amphipolis, [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], [[Greece]] with the tumulus having a perimeter of 497 meters. The tomb within is assessed to be an [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|ancient Macedonian]] burial monument of the last quarter of the 4th century BC.
* [[Macedonian Tombs, Korinos]]
* [[Macedonian Tombs, Katerini]]

=====Hungary=====
There are over 40,000 tumuli in the [[Great Hungarian Plain]], the highest is [[Gödény-halom]] near the settlement of [[Békésszentandrás]], in [[Békés county]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bekesszentandras.hu/turizmus_seta.htm# |title=Picture of "Gödény-halom" |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211193854/http://www.bekesszentandras.hu/turizmus_seta.htm |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>

Sírhalom origins and forms are diverse: [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]]s, graves, border barrows, watcher barrows.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nimfea.hu/kiadvanyaink/puszta/kisscs%20-%20kunhalom%20-%2099.pdf |title=A Kunhalmok Védelmé és Megmentésük Lehetőségei |trans-title=The Possibilities of Protecting and Rescuing Mounds |language=hu |website=www.nimfea.hu |author=A. Puszta |year=1999|pages=240–287}}</ref>

=====Serbia=====
{{Main|List of tumuli in Serbia}}
* [[Mrčajevci]], several prehistoric tumuli
* [[Bukovac, Novi Sad|Bukovac]], Illyrian tumuli and necropolis
* Five prehistoric tumuli in the Morava valley.
* [[Gromile]], Serbian tumuli in [[Ravna Gora (Suvobor)|Ravna Gora]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosovo.net/crucified/cr_heritage.html |title=Crucified Heritage |author=Prof. dr Ljubisa Folic |publisher=kosovo.net |access-date=8 October 2010}}</ref>
* [[Kinđa]]

====Western and Central Europe====

=====Austria=====
[[File:Großmugl - Hügelgrab (1).JPG|thumb|[[Großmugl]] in Austria]]
* [[Burgstallkogel (Sulm valley)]]
* [[Großmugl]] ([[Lower Austria]])
* Pillichsdorf (Lower Austria)
* [[Niederhollabrunn]] (Lower Austria)
* Gaisruck<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hausleiten.gv.at/system/web/zusatzseite.aspx?detailonr=217257675|title=Pettendorf > Kulturdenkmäler|last=BEd|first=Herbert Kalser |website=Hausleiten|language=de-AT|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> (in Niederösterreich)
* Langenlebarn<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bda.gv.at/de/publikationen/details/die-hallstattzeitlichen-huegelgraeber-von-langenlebarn-niederoesterreich-foemat-a-12/|title=Die hallstattzeitlichen Hügelgräber von Langenlebarn, Niederösterreich (FÖMat A 12)|access-date=15 July 2018|language=de}}</ref> (in Niederösterreich)
* Deutsch-Altenburg<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bildarchivaustria.at/Pages/ImageDetail.aspx?p_iBildID=4507940|title=Österreichische Nationalbibliothek – Deutsch Altenburg|website=www.bildarchivaustria.at|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> (in Niederösterreich)
* Bernhardsthal<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museumbernhardsthal.at/images/pdf/Szameit.pdf|title=Zu den frühmittelalterlichen Funden aus dem Tumulus I von Bernhardsthal, Niederösterreich|trans-title=On the early medieval finds from Tumulus I at Bernhardsthal, Lower Austria|website=museumbernhardsthal.at|year=1993|id=ArchA77/1993|last=Szameit|first=Erik|language=de-AT|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191817/http://museumbernhardsthal.at/images/pdf/Szameit.pdf}}</ref> (Lower Austria)
* Siegendorf ([[Burgenland]])
* Schandorf<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://schandorf.at/kultur/die-huegelgraeber|title=Die Hügelgräber – Schandorf|website=schandorf.at|language=de-AT|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> (Burgenland)
* Kleinklein<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grossklein.gv.at/gemeinde/geschichte/die-fuerstengraeber-von-kleinklein|title=Marktgemeinde Großklein: Die Fürstengräber von Kleinklein|last=Koerbler|website=www.grossklein.gv.at|language=de|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> ([[Styria]])
* [[Niederfellabrunn]] (Lower Austria))
* [[Oberhofen am Irrsee]] ([[Upper Austria]])
* [[Obermallebarn]] (Lower Austria)
* [[Unterzögersdorf]] (Lower Austria)

=====Belgium=====
* Two Tumuli of [[Ambresin]] ([[Liège Province]])
* Tumulus of Avernas in [[Hannut]] (Liège): height: 8&nbsp;m; circumference: 100&nbsp;m
* Tumulus of the "champ de la Tombe" in [[Braives]] (Liège), 1st century AD Roman tomb.
* Tumulus of [[Court-Saint-Étienne]] ([[Walloon Brabant]]), around 3,000&nbsp;BC.
* Two tumuli of Gingelom
* Three tumuli of Gingelom
* Tumulus of Glimes in [[Incourt, Belgium|Incourt]] (Walloon Brabant), [[Gallo-Roman]] period: height: 11&nbsp;m; diameter: 50&nbsp;m
* Tumulus of Hottomont in [[Ramillies, Belgium|Ramillies]] (Walloon Brabant), tomb of {{Who|Roman general Otto|date=February 2017}}: height: 11.5&nbsp;m; diameter: 50&nbsp;m
* Tumulus of [[:fr:Oley|Oleye]] ([[:nl:Liek|Liek]]) (Liège)<ref>[[List of Dutch exonyms for places in Belgium]]</ref>
* Tumulus of [[Pepin of Landen]] in [[Landen]] ([[Flemish Brabant]])
* Tumuli of the [[Sonian Forest]] (Brussels), 1st millennium BC.
* Three Tumuli of Grimde in [[Tienen]] (Flemish Brabant), 1st century BC Gallo-Roman tombs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/#lat=50.7994424&lon=4.9584174&z=18&l=0&m=b|title=Wikimapia – Let's describe the whole world!|website=wikimapia.org}}</ref>
* Tumulus of Koninksem (Paardsweidestraat, Tongeren)
* Tumulus of Koninksem (Romeinse Kassei, Tongeren)
* Tumulus of Herstappe or Herstappeltombe, Herstappe
* Tumulus of Beukenberg, Tongeren
* Tumulus of Trou de Billemont in [[Antoing]] ([[Hainaut Province]]), 6th and 7th-century [[Merovingian]] tombs.
* Tumulus of [[Walhain]] ([[Walloon Brabant]])
* Two Tumuli of [[Waremme]] (Liège)
* Tumuli of Wéris ([[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Belgian Luxembourg]]), 4th and 3rd millennium BC.

=====United Kingdom=====
{{See also|Anglo-Saxon burial mounds}}
[[File:Sutton Hoo burial ground 4.jpg|thumb|Part of the burial ground at [[Sutton Hoo]], Suffolk]]
In the United Kingdom, barrows of a wide range of types were in widespread use for burying the dead from the late [[Neolithic]] until the end of the Bronze Age, 2900–800&nbsp;BC. Square barrows were occasionally used in the Iron Age (800&nbsp;BC–43&nbsp;AD) in the east of [[England]]. The traditional round barrow experienced a brief resurgence following the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] conquests, with the introduction of northern [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] burial practices from continental Europe. These later barrows were often built near older Bronze Age barrows. They included a few instances of [[ship burial]]. Barrow burial fell out of use during the 7th century as a result of the spread of [[Christianity]].
Early scholarly investigation of tumuli and theorising as to their origins was undertaken from the 17th century by [[antiquary|antiquaries]], notably [[John Aubrey]], and [[William Stukeley]]. During the 19th century in [[England]] the excavation of tumuli was a popular [[pastime]] amongst the educated and wealthy upper classes, who became known as "barrow-diggers". This leisure activity played a key role in laying the foundations for the scientific study of the past in Britain but also resulted in untold damage to the sites.

Notable British barrows include:
* [[West Kennet Long Barrow]] – Neolithic long barrow in [[Wiltshire]]
* [[Wayland's Smithy]] – Neolithic long barrow and chamber tomb in [[Oxfordshire]] (historically [[Berkshire]])
* [[Belas Knap]] – Neolithic long barrow in [[Gloucestershire]]
* [[Maeshowe]] – Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave on Mainland, [[Orkney]]
* [[Duggleby Howe]] – Neolithic round barrow in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
* [[Sutton Hoo]] – 7th-century [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglian]] ship burial with exceptionally rich grave goods in [[Suffolk]]
* [[Devil's Humps, Stoughton|Devil's Humps]] – Bronze Age barrow group on [[Bow Hill, Sussex|Bow Hill]] in [[West Sussex]]
* [[Devil's Jumps, Treyford|Devil's Jumps]] – Bronze Age barrow group on the [[South Downs]] of West Sussex
* [[Seamer Beacon]] – Bronze Age barrow near [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire]]

=====Czech Republic=====
During the early [[Middle Ages]], [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] tribesmen inhabiting what is now the Czech Republic used to bury their dead under barrows. This practice has been widespread in southern and eastern [[Bohemia]] and some neighbouring regions, like [[Upper Austria]] and [[Lusatia]], which at that time have been also populated with Slavic people. There are no known Slavic barrows in the central part of the country (around [[Prague]]), nor are they found in [[Moravia]]. This has led some of the archaeologists to speculations about at least three distinct waves of Slavic settlers, who colonized Czech lands separately from each other, each wave bringing its customs with it (including burial rituals).

At places where barrows have been constructed, they are usually found in groups (10 to 100 together), often forming several clearly distinct lines going from the west to the east. Only a few of them have been studied scientifically so far; in them, both burials by fire (with burnt ashes) and unburned skeletons have been found, even on the same site. It seems that builders of the barrows have at some time switched from burials by fire to burying of unburned corpses; the reason for such change is unknown. The barrows date too far back in history (700&nbsp;AD to 800&nbsp;AD) to contain any [[Christianity|Christian]] influences.

[[File:Trizna 1899.jpg|thumb|right|Burial of [[Oleg of Novgorod]] in a tumulus in 912. Painting by [[Viktor Vasnetsov]]]]
As Czech barrows usually served for burials of poor villagers, only a few objects are found in them except for cheap pottery. Only one Slavic barrow is known to have contained gold.

Most of the Czech burial barrows have been damaged or destroyed by intense [[agriculture]] in the densely populated region. Those that remain are usually in forests, especially at hilltops in remote places. Therefore, there is no general knowledge about burial barrows among Czech population.

The best Slavic barrow sites can be found near to [[Vitín]], a small village close to [[České Budějovice]]. There are two groups of barrows close to Vitín, each containing about 80 barrows ordered in lines. Some of the barrows are as much as 2&nbsp;metres high.

There are also some [[prehistoric]] burial barrows in Czech Republic, built by unknown people. Unlike Slavic barrows, they can be found all across the country, though they are scarce. Distinguishing them from Slavic ones is not an easy task for the unskilled eye. Perhaps the most famous of them forms the top of the [[Žuráň]] hill near [[Slavkov u Brna]]; it is from here that [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] commanded his forces during the [[Battle of Austerlitz]].

=====France=====
[[File:Tumulus Dissignac2.jpg|thumb|The mound of Dissignac is a megalithic monument located in the French town of Saint-Nazaire.]]
* [[Bougon]] ([[Deux-Sèvres]]) tumuli are a set of five tumuli all at one site: the building and using took place over a long period from {{formatnum:4500}} to {{formatnum:3000}} BC. This set is considered to be one of the oldest western European megalithic necropolis.<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6334019 Bougon Tumulus] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* The [[Bussy-le-Château]] commune ([[Marne (department)|Marne]]) has five Roman, Visigoth and Burgundian tumuli: three of them remain relatively intact along the {{interlanguage link|Noblette river|fr|Noblette}}.<ref name="Letaudin1869">{{cite book|author=P.-H. Letaudin|title=Etude historique sur La Cheppe, le camp d'Attila, et ses environs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAtBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5|access-date=27 April 2013|year=1869|publisher=Le Roy|pages=5–|language=fr}}</ref>
* The neolithic Saint-Michel de Carnac tumulus in [[Carnac]] was built between {{formatnum:5000}} and {{formatnum:3400}} BC.
* A few kilometers from [[Carnac]] are the {{convert|140|x|20|m|ft}} neolithic {{interlanguage link|Er-Grah tumuli|fr|Tumulus d'Er Grah}} near the famous [[Locmariaquer megaliths|broken Menhir]].<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/search.php?query=Locmariaquer&country=6&category=0&county=556&sitetype=&days=0&condition=&ambience=&access= Locmariaquer tumuli] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* The five {{interlanguage link|Tumulus de champ Châlons|fr|Champ-Châlons tumuli}} in the [[Benon]] forest form a neolithic necropolis in the [[Courçon]] commune ([[Charente-Maritime]]).<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6333987 Nécropole de Champ-Châlons] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* {{interlanguage link|Dissignac tumulus|fr|Tumulus de Dissignac}} is a neolithic monument located about 5 kilometres west of [[Saint-Nazaire]] ([[Loire-Atlantique]]).<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6333666 Dissignac tumulus] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* The tumulus of Lamalou dolmen is situated at the headwaters of the [[Lamalou]] river.<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=29699 Dolmen Bergerie de Lamalou] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* Tumulus and burial chamber (dolmen) of ''Bergerie de Panissière'' is located near [[Alès]] ([[Gard]]).<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6334941 Bergerie de Panissière] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* Tanouëdou tumulus is located near [[Bourbriac]] ([[Côtes d'Armor]], [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]]).<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17710 Tanouëdou tumulus] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* {{interlanguage link|Péré Tumulus|fr|Tumulus du Péré}} on [[Prissé-la-Charrière]] commune (Deux-Sèvres): a neolithic long barrow with tumulus {{convert|100|x|20|m|ft}}, dating from {{formatnum:4450}} to {{formatnum:4000}} BC.<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6334038 Péré Tumulus] on Megalithic Portal Map Search</ref>
* {{interlanguage link|Saint-Fiacre tumulus|fr|Tumulus de Saint Fiacre}}, on the [[Melrand]] commune ([[Morbihan]]), is listed as [[monument historique]] since 1972.<ref name="PA00091440">{{Base Mérimée|PA00091440}}</ref>
* Appenwihr tumuli on the [[Appenwihr]] commune ([[Haut Rhin]]) are a set of nine small tumuli (about {{convert|1.50|m|ft}} tall and one higher at {{convert|4|to|5|m|ft}}), not far to the north-west. The results of the excavations are exposed in the [[Unterlinden Museum]] in [[Colmar]].
* Tumulus des Hogues, neolithic monuments located in [[Habloville]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00110819|title=Tumulus dit des Hogues|website=www.pop.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref>

=====Germany=====
''Hügelgrab'' ("barrow", "burial mound" or "tumulus") sites in Germany dating to the Early and Middle Bronze Age.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Place
!Region
!Bundesland
!Type
!Date
!Era
|-
|[[Auleben grave-hill field]]
|[[Auleben]]
|[[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]]
|[[Thuringia]]
|Grave-hill field
|1500–1200&nbsp;BC
|[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|[[Benther Berg|Benther hill]]
|{{interlanguage link|Badenstedt|de|Ahlem-Badenstedt-Davenstedt}}
|[[Region Hannover]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
| rowspan="4" |Hilly-grave
|1800–1100&nbsp;BC
|Early [[Nordic Bronze Age]]
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Kreuzlinger Forst|de|Kreuzlinger Forst}}/[[Mühltal]]
|[[Gauting]]
|[[Munich]] area
|[[Bavaria]]
|2000–1500&nbsp;BC
| rowspan="4" |[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Germans Grave (Itzehoe)|de|Germanengrab (Itzehoe)}}
|[[Itzehoe]]
|[[Kreis Steinburg]]
|[[Schleswig-Holstein]]
|1500–1300&nbsp;BC
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Giesen Tumuli|de|Hügelgräberfeld im Giesen}}
|{{interlanguage link|Giesen (village)|de|Giesen (Ortschaft)}}
|[[Landkreis Hildesheim]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lower Saxony]]
|1600–1200&nbsp;BC
|-
|[[Bonstorf Barrows]]
|[[Bonstorf]]
|[[Landkreis Celle]]
|grave-hill field
|1500–1200&nbsp;BC
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Lahnberge Tumuli|de|Lahnberge#Geschichte}}
|[[Marburg]]
|[[Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf]]
|[[Hesse]]
|>200 Hilly-graves
| 1600 – 5th century BC
|[[Middle Bronze Age]] ([[Tumulus culture]]), [[Late Bronze Age]] ([[Urnfield culture]]), Iron Age ([[Hallstatt Culture]])
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Wilhof mountain|de|Willhofer Berg}}
|[[Altendorf (Landkreis Schwandorf)|Willhof]]
|[[Landkreis Schwandorf]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bavaria]]
|Hilly-grave
|1516&nbsp;BC
|Middle Bronze Age, early [[La Tene culture]]
|-
|[[Daxberg Tumuli (Mömbris)]]
|{{interlanguage link|Daxberg (Mömbris)|de|Daxberg (Mömbris)}}
|[[Landkreis Aschaffenburg]]
|Hilly-grave field
|2000–800&nbsp;BC
|[[Iron Age]]
|-
|[[Hohenfelde, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Hohenfelde]]
|[[Hohenfelde (Mecklenburg)]]
|[[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
|7 Hilly-graves
| 1700&nbsp;BC
|[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|[[Neu Quitzenow]]
|[[Wasdow|Neu Quitzenow]]
|[[Rostock (district)|Rostock]]
|2 Hilly-graves
|1800–600&nbsp;BC
|
|-
|[[Leubingen|Grabhügel von Leubingen]]
|[[Sömmerda|Leubingen]]
|[[Sömmerda]]
|[[Thuringen]]
| grave-hill
|1940 BC
|[[Unetice culture]]
|-
|}

Barrows or tumuli sites in Germany dating to the Late Bronze and Iron Age.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Place
!Region
!Bundesland
!Type
!Date
!Era
|-
|[[Pöckinger Gemeindegebiet]] ([[Pöcking local community area]])
|[[Pöcking]]
|[[Munich]] area
|[[Bavaria]]
|grave-hill field
|c. 750–500&nbsp;BC
|[[Hallstatt culture]]
|-
|[[Glauberg]]
|[[Glauburg]]
|[[Wetteraukreis]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Hesse]]
|Kings graves
|5th century BC
|Early Celtic Age
|-
|[[Lahnberge#History|Lahnberge]]
|[[Marburg]]
|[[Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf]]
|>200 Hilly graves
|c. 1600 – 5th century BC
|[[Middle Bronze Age]] ([[Tumulus culture]]), [[Late Bronze Age]] (Urnfield culture), Iron Age ([[Hallstatt Culture]])
|-
|[[Hohmichele]]
|[[Hundersingen]]
|[[Landkreis Sigmaringen]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Baden-Württemberg]]
|Kings graves
|c. 600–450&nbsp;BC
| rowspan="3" |[[Hallstatt culture]]
|-
|[[Keltenmuseum Hochdorf|Grave-hill of Hochdorf]]
|[[Eberdingen|Hochdorf an der Enz]]
|[[Landkreis Ludwigsburg]]
|Hilly-grave
|5th century BC
|-
|[[Lehbühl]]
|[[Schlaitdorf]]
|[[Landkreis Esslingen]]
|Hill-grave
|c. 600–400&nbsp;BC
|-
|[[Daxberg Tumuli (Mömbris)]]
|{{interlanguage link|Daxberg (Mömbris)|de|Daxberg (Mömbris)}}
|[[Landkreis Aschaffenburg]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bavaria]]
| rowspan="2" |Hilly-grave field
|c. 2000–800&nbsp;BC
| rowspan="2" |[[Iron Age]]
|-
|[[Daxberg Tumuli (Erkheim)]]
|{{interlanguage link|Daxberg (Erkheim)|de|Daxberg (Erkheim)}}
|[[Landkreis Unterallgäu]]
|8th century BC
|-
|[[Neu Quitzenow]]
|[[Wasdow|Neu Quitzenow]]
|[[Rostock (district)|Rostock]]
|[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
|2 Hilly-graves
|c. 1800–600&nbsp;BC
|
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Royal grave of Seddin|de|Königsgrab von Seddin}}
|[[Groß Pankow (Prignitz)|Seddin]]
|[[Landkreis Prignitz]]
|[[Brandenburg]]
|Kings graves
|8th century BC
| rowspan="2" |[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Pestrup Grave fields|de|Pestruper Gräberfeld}}
|[[Wildeshausen]]
|[[Landkreis Oldenburg]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|~ 500 grave-hills
|c. 900–200&nbsp;BC
|-
|[[Magdalenenberg]]
|[[Villingen]]
|[[Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis]]
|[[Baden-Württemberg]]
|Kings grave
|c. 616&nbsp;BC
| rowspan="2" |[[Hallstatt culture]]
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Wagon grave of Bell|de|Wagengrab von Bell}}
|[[Bell (Hunsrück)]]
|[[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]]
|[[Rhineland-Palatinate]]
|Wagon-grave
|500&nbsp;BC
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Schweinert Tumuli|de|Hügelgräberfeld „Schweinert“}}
|[[Falkenberg (Elster)|Falkenberg]] (in [[Schweinert Nature reserve]])
|[[Landkreis Elbe-Elster]]
|[[Brandenburg]]
|642-hill-graves field
|c. 1000&nbsp;BC
|
|-
|[[Breitenfeld, Neuhausen ob Eck|Breitenfeld]]
|[[Neuhausen ob Eck]]
|[[Landkreis Tuttlingen]]
|[[Baden-Württemberg]]
|21 grave-hills
|c. 700&nbsp;BC – 450 AD
|[[Hallstatt culture]]
|-
|}

Barrows or tumuli sites in Germany dating to the Stone Age.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Place
!Region
!Bundesland
!Type
!Date
!Era
|-
|{{interlanguage link|Grave fields of Grabau|de|Grabauer Gräberfeld}}
|[[Grabau (Stormarn)]]
|[[Kreis Stormarn]]
|[[Schleswig-Holstein]]
|9 grave-hills
|6500–5500&nbsp;BC
|[[Young Stone Age]]
|-
|[[Mansenberge]]
|[[Groß Berßen]]
|[[Landkreis Emsland]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|Great stone grave
|3600–2800&nbsp;BC
|[[Megalith Culture]]
|-
|}

Other Barrows/tumuli in Germany of unstated date.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Place
!Region
!Bundesland
!Type
!Date
!Era
|-
|Beckdorf
|[[Beckdorf]]
|[[Landkreis Stade]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|Hilly-grave
|
|
|-
|[[Schwalmstadt#Sonstiges|Heidelberg]]
|[[Schwalmstadt|Wiera]]
|[[Schwalm-Eder-Kreis]]
|[[Hesse]]
|Hill-grave
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|[[Lemsahl-Mellingstedt#History|Mellingstedt]]
|[[Lemsahl-Mellingstedt]]
|[[Wandsbek]]
|[[Hamburg]]
|Hilly-grave
|
|-
|[[Höltinghausen]]
|[[Höltinghausen]]
|[[Landkreis Cloppenburg]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|Hilly-grave field
|
|
|-
|[[Plankenheide]]
|[[Nettetal]]
|[[Kreis Viersen]]
|[[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
|Hill-grave
|
|
|-
|[[Kranzberger Forst]]
|[[Kranzberg]]
|[[Landkreis Freising]]
|[[Bavaria]]
|19 Hilly-graves
|
|[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|Maaschwitz
|[[Zschadraß|Maaschwitz]]
|[[Muldentalkreis]]
|[[Saxony]]
|Hilly-graves
|
|
|-
|[[Plaggenschale]]
|[[Merzen|Plaggenschale]]
|[[Landkreis Osnabrück]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Tumulus von Nennig]]
|[[Nennig]]
|[[Landkreis Merzig-Wadern]]
|[[Saarland]]
|Grave-hill
|
|[[Bronze Age]]
|-
|[[Winckelbarg]]
|
|[[Landkreis Stade]]
|[[Lower Saxony]]
|
|
|
|-
|}

=====Ireland=====
A tumulus can be found close to the [[Grianán of Aileach]] in [[County Donegal]]. It has been suggested by historians such as [[George Petrie (artist)|George Petrie]], who surveyed the site in the early 19th century, that the tumulus may predate the [[ringfort]] of Aileach by many centuries possibly to the Neolithic age. Surrounding stones were laid horizontally, and converged towards the centre. The mound had been excavated in Petrie's time, but nothing explaining its meaning was discovered. It was subsequently destroyed, but its former position is marked by a heap of broken stones. Similar mounds can be found at The [[Hill of Tara]] and there are several prominent tumuli at [[Brú na Bóinne]] in County Meath.
[[File:Banditaccia Tumulus.jpg|thumb|Banditaccia Tumulus in [[Cerveteri|Cerveteri, Italy]].]]

=====Italy=====
[[File:Tomba Margareth.jpg|thumb|Interior of the ''Tomba Margareth'', Etruscan tumulus near [[Blera]], Italy|left|212x212px]]Some large tumulus tombs can be found especially in the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] culture, carved directly into the local limestone ([[tufa]]), and covered by a limestone dome and a layer of dirt and grass (see image to the right). From the outside, they resemble burial mounds.

The interior of these tumuli, however, is what makes them so unique. Most tombs have one central corridor, where [[Sarcophagus|sarcophagi]] and [[urn]]s house the [[Cremation|cremated]]<ref>Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker, "''Sarcophagus of the Spouses'' (Rome)," in ''Smarthistory'', August 8, 2015, accessed November 3, 2022, https://smarthistory.org/sarcophagus-of-the-spouses-rome/ .</ref> remains of the deceased were found, and the various rooms to either side of the corridor which contain the deceased's various belongings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabrizi |first=Mariabruna |title=The Etruscan Tumuli: Underground Cities for the Dead – SOCKS |url=https://socks-studio.com/2015/09/13/the-etruscan-tumuli-underground-cities-for-the-dead/,%20https://socks-studio.com/2015/09/13/the-etruscan-tumuli-underground-cities-for-the-dead/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=socks-studio.com |date=13 September 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Many tombs also hold paintings, or [[fresco]]s, that in many cases represent the funeral, scenes of real life, or the afterlife. The most significant necropolises with tumulus tombs are [[Veio]], [[Cerveteri]], [[Vetulonia]], and [[Populonia]]. The tumulus of [[Monopoli|Montopoli]] is relative of archaic center [[Colli della Città]] along paratiberina way in [[Tiber Valley]].

Smaller barrows are dated to the [[Villanovan culture|Villanova period]] (ninth-eighth centuries BC), but the biggest were used in the following centuries (from the seventh century afterwards) by the Etruscan aristocracy{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}.[[File:Verspreiding grafheuvels-urnenvelden Nederland.svg|thumb|left|Dissemination of tumuli in the Netherlands; in red "regular" tumuli, in blue [[Urnfield culture|urn field]]s<ref>Cultuurhistorisch Beheer: [http://www.chbeheer.nl/elementen/grafheuvel-en-urnenveld chbeheer.nl]</ref>|235x235px]]

=====Netherlands=====
[[File:Oss vorstengraf.jpg|thumb|[[Vorstengraf (Oss)|Vorstengraf]] near Oss (Netherlands) from above]] Burial mounds are the most numerous archaeological monuments in the Netherlands. In many places, these prehistoric graves are still clearly visible as low hills. The oldest tumuli (''grafheuvels'') in the Netherlands were built near [[Apeldoorn]] about 5,000 years ago. Concentrations of tumuli from the [[Bronze Age]] are located on the [[Veluwe]] and [[Drenthe]].

Early scholarly investigation of tumuli and [[dolmen|hunebedden]] and theorising as to their origins was undertaken from the 17th century by notably [[Johan Picardt]]. Although many have disappeared over the centuries, some 3000 tumuli are known of which 636 are protected as [[Rijksmonument]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grafheuvels.nl/vitruvius4_2008.php |title=Grafheuvelonderzoek in Nederland: een gedane zaak? |trans-title=Burial mound research in the Netherlands: a done deal? |last=Bourgeois |first=Quentin |website=grafheuvels.nl |publisher=[[Universiteit Leiden]] |date=2008 |access-date=3 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221013113/http://www.grafheuvels.nl/vitruvius4_2008.php |archive-date=21 February 2014 |language=nl}}</ref> The largest tumulus in the Netherlands is the [[Vorstengraf (Oss)|grave of a king]] near Oss. [[Rijksmuseum van Oudheden]], [[Drents Museum]], and [[Huis van Hilde]] have findings from tumuli in their collections.

=====Portugal=====
[[File:Dolmen Outeiro de Gregos3.jpg|thumb|Tumulus at Outeiro de Gregos, Baião, [[Portugal]] (5th or 4th millennium BC)]]
One of the densest manifestations of the megalithic phenomenon in Europe occurred in [[Portugal]]. In the north of the country there are more than 1000 late prehistoric barrows. They generally occur in clusters, forming a necropolis. The method of inhumation usually involves a dolmen. The tumuli, dated from {{Circa|4450}} to 1900&nbsp;BC, are up to 3&nbsp;metres high, with diameters from 6 to 30&nbsp;metres. Most of them are mounds of earth and stones, but the more recent ones are composed largely or entirely of stones (cairns). In [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], barrows are called {{lang|pt|mamoas}}, from the Latin {{lang|la|mammulas}}, given to them by the Romans because of their shape, similar to the breast of a woman.

====Scandinavia====
[[File:Kuninkaanhauta Paneliassa.jpg|thumb|[[Kuninkaanhauta]] in [[Panelia]], [[Finland]]]]
Burial mounds were in use from the [[Nordic Stone Age|Stone Age]] until the 11th century in Scandinavia and figure heavily in [[Norse paganism]]. In their original state they usually appear as small, man-made hillocks, though many examples have been damaged by [[ploughing]] or plundering so that little visible evidence remains.

The tumuli of Scandinavia is of a great variety of designs, depending on the cultural traditions of the era in which they were constructed. The tumuli tombs may contain single graves, collective graves and both inhumation and cremation was practiced, again depending on the era, but also on geography. Many tumuli in Scandinavia shows a continuation of use from Stone Age to [[Viking Age]]. In the Viking Age (and perhaps in earlier times as well) burning the deceased, was believed to transfer the person to [[Valhalla]] by the consuming force of fire. Archaeological finds testifies that the cremation fire could reach temperatures of up to 1500&nbsp;°C. The remains were often covered with cobblestones and then a layer of gravel and sand and finally a thin layer of turf or placed in urns. The tumuli were used for [[ancestral worship]]ping, an important practice in Norse culture and many places shows continuation of use for millennia.

{{Blockquote|Thus he ([[Odin]]) established by law that all dead men should be burned, and their belongings laid with them on the pile, and the ashes be cast into the sea or buried in the earth. Thus, said he, every one will come to Valhalla with the riches he had with him upon the pile, and he would also enjoy whatever he himself buried in the earth. For men of consequence a mound should be raised to their memory, and for all other warriors distinguished for manhood, a standing stone. This custom remained long after Odin's time. [...] It was their faith that the higher the smoke arose in the air, the higher he would be raised whose pile it was, and the richer he would be, the more property that was consumed with him.|[[Ynglinga saga]]}}

=====Sweden=====
[[File:Hågahögen.jpg|thumb|King Björn's barrow in Håga, [[Sweden]]]]
* [[Anundshög]], located just outside the City of [[Västerås]], is Sweden's largest burial mound.
* [[Gamla Uppsala]], The Royal mounds (Swedish: Kungshögarna) is the name for the three large barrows which are located in Gamla Uppsala. According to ancient mythology and folklore, it would be the three gods Thor, Odin and Freyr lying in Kungshögarna or Uppsala högar.
* Gravhög Gårdstånga, situated in [[Eslöv Municipality]], [[Skåne County]], is the site of a Bronze Age burial mound, (Swedish: ''Gravhög'').
* [[Håga mound|Hågahögen]], King Björn's barrow in Håga ([[Old Norse]] word: ''haugr'') near [[Uppsala]] has a very strong connection with [[Björn at Haugi]].
* Kungshögar, an archaeological site on the Lake [[Mälaren]] island of [[Adelsö]] in [[Ekerö Municipality]], contains five large burial mounds.
* [[Skalunda]] hög in [[Västergötland]], the site of Skalunda Barrow, an historic burial mound.

=====Norway=====
[[File:Jellhaugen grave mound, Halden.jpg|thumb|[[Jellhaugen]], Norway's 2nd biggest tumulus. Photo: Tore Schrøder]]
* [[Raknehaugen]], dated to c. 550&nbsp;AD, is located in the traditional district of [[Romerike]]. At 77 m in diameter and a height of 15 m, it is the largest tumulus in Northern Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=no&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akershus.no%2Fansvarsomrader%2Fkulturminner%2Fkulturminneartikler%2Fullensaker%2F%3Farticle_id%3D203229&edit-text=|title=Raknehaugen, Norway (by Google translate)}}</ref>
* [[Jellhaugen]] outside [[Halden]], [[Østfold]], considered the 2nd biggest in Norway, and dated back to around 500&nbsp;AD.
* [[Gokstadhaugen]] a burial mound in [[Sandefjord]], [[Vestfold]], revealed a ship burial containing the [[Gokstad ship]], a Viking era ship dating to the 9th century. The ship is the largest in the [[Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)|Viking Ship Museum]] in [[Bygdøy]], [[Oslo]].
* [[Oseberghaugen]], the Oseberg burial mound at Oseberg near [[Tønsberg]] in Vestfold county, contained the [[Oseberg ship]], a well-preserved Viking era ship dating from around 800&nbsp;AD.
* [[Borre mound cemetery|Borrehaugene]] (Borre mound cemetery) forms part of the [[Borre National Park]] in [[Horten]], [[Vestfold]]. The park covers {{convert|45|acre|m2}} and its collection of burial mounds includes, seven large mounds and one 25 small cairns.
* [[Tune ship burial|Båthaugen]], a boat burial mound found at [[Rolvsøy]] in [[Tune, Norway|Tune]], [[Østfold]], contained the [[Tune ship]], a Viking Age ship of the "karv" type. The ship was built around AD 900 and is made of clinkered oak planks.
* [[Avaldsnes|Storhaug]] (Great Mound) ship's burial mound [[Avaldsnes]] on [[Karmøy]] in [[Rogaland]] County, [[Norway]] contained a ship made of oak.
* [[Avaldsnes|Grønhaug]] (Green Mound), a ship burial at Avaldsnes, contained an approximately {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=on}} long boat with remains of a man's grave from the 10th century.
* [[Avaldsnes|Flagghaugen]] (Flag Hill Mound) at Avaldsnes, one of Norway's richest grave dating from the pre-Viking Period, contained a neck ring of {{convert|600|g|oz|abbr=off}}t) of pure gold, weapons, bandoleer mountings and various tubs of silver and bronze.
* [[Karnilshaugen]], in [[Gloppen]] in the county of [[Sogn og Fjordane]], is Karnil's tumulus.
* [[Osneshaugen]], in [[Ulsteinvik]] in the county of [[Møre og Romsdal]], is a tumulus overlooking the Osnes beach. It is believed to have been sacked, and has not been excavated in modern times. It has been dated to the Bronze Age.

=====Denmark=====
[[File:Tinghøj Hammershøj Kvorning 2010-01-08 edit filtered.jpg|thumb|The tumulus Tinghøjen located between [[Randers]] and [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]], one of about 26,000<ref>Inge Adriansen. ''Nationale symboler i det Danske Rige, 1830–2000'', Vol. 2, 2003, p. 123. {{ISBN|978-87-7289-794-3}}.</ref> conserved tumuli in [[Denmark]]. Photo from January 2010 AD]]
Denmark has about 20,000 preserved tumuli, with the oldest being around 5,000 years old. A great number of tumuli in Denmark has been destroyed in the course of history, ploughed down for agricultural fields or used for road or dyke constructions. Tumuli have been protected by law since 1937 and is officially supervised by the Danish Agency for Culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/kulturarv/fortidsminder/fredede-fortidsminder/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821052434/http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/kulturarv/fortidsminder/fredede-fortidsminder/|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 August 2014|title=Fredede Fortidsminder|publisher=Danish Agency for Culture|language=da|date=28 January 2015|access-date=2 September 2015}}</ref> Examples of tumuli in Denmark are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/Ark%C3%A6ologi/Ark%C3%A6ologi_og_forhistorie/gravh%C3%B8j|title=gravhøj {{!}} Gyldendal – Den Store Danske|website=www.denstoredanske.dk|language=da|access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarkshistorien/I_begyndelsen/Bronzealderen/H%C3%B8jfolket/Tusinder_af_gravh%C3%B8je|title=Tusinder af gravhøje {{!}} Gyldendal – Den Store Danske|website=www.denstoredanske.dk|language=da|access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2014/10/24/160855.htm|title=Professor: Vi risikerer, at gravplyndrere røver hele vores historie|work=DR|access-date=10 December 2017|language=da}}</ref>
* [[Yding Skovhøj]] in [[Horsens]] municipality, [[Jutland]] is one of Denmark's Bronze Age burial mounds built on the top of the hill.
* [[Hov Dås]] in [[Thisted]] municipality, [[North Jutland Region|North Jutland]] is one of Denmark's neolithic burial mounds built on the top of the hill.
* [[Klekkende Høj]] is a megalithic [[passage grave]] constructed in the [[Nordic Stone Age|Stone Age]] on the island of [[Møn]]. It takes its name from the nearby village of [[Klekkende]].
* [[Lindholm Høje]] is a major Viking and [[Iron Age Scandinavia|Iron Age]] burial site and former settlement, situated to the north of and overlooking the city of [[Aalborg]].
* [[Grønjægers Høj]], meaning "the mound of Green Hunter", dates to the [[Nordic Bronze Age]] and is located near [[Fanefjord]] Church on the Danish island of [[Møn]].
* [[Gorm and Thyra's Høje]], two huge burial mounds at [[Jelling]].