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Umbrian language
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==== Voice ==== The Umbrian language inflected for two voices: the [[Active voice|active]], which concerned verbs performed by the subject, and the [[Passive voice|passive]], which concerned verbs performed upon the subject. In Umbrian, the passive voice may have additionally partially fulfilled the role of the [[Voice (grammar)|middle voice]]: The Umbrian verb {{Lang|xum|amparihmu}}, a passive form, was utilized to express the middle meaning of "to raise, elevate oneself;" "to rise." Like Latin, the Umbrian language contained [[Deponent verb|deponent]] verbs, verbs that—although passive in form—conveyed active meanings. However, terms that are deponent in Latin are regular in Umbrian and vice versa: the regular Umbrian verb {{Lang|xum|stiplo}} is contrasted with the deponent Latin verb {{Lang|la|stipulor}} whereas the Umbrian deponent {{Lang|xum|çersnatur}} is equivalent to the Latin active form {{Lang|la|cenaverint}}, an inflection oft the verb {{Lang|la|ceno}}.{{Sfn|Buck|1904|p=212}}
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