Editing Visual system (section)

==Other animals==
{{See also|Eye|Vision in birds|Parietal eye|Vision in fish|Arthropod visual system|Cephalopod eye}}
Different [[species]] are able to see different parts of the [[light spectrum]]; for example, [[bee]]s can see into the [[ultraviolet]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bellingham J, Wilkie SE, Morris AG, Bowmaker JK, Hunt DM |title=Characterisation of the ultraviolet-sensitive opsin gene in the honey bee, Apis mellifera |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=243 |issue=3 |pages=775–81 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9057845 |doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00775.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> while [[pit viper]]s can accurately target prey with their [[pit organ]]s, which are sensitive to infrared radiation.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Safer AB, Grace MS |title=Infrared imaging in vipers: differential responses of crotaline and viperine snakes to paired thermal targets |journal=Behav. Brain Res. |volume=154 |issue=1 |pages=55–61 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15302110 |doi=10.1016/j.bbr.2004.01.020 |s2cid=39736880 }}</ref> The [[mantis shrimp]] possesses arguably the most complex visual system of any species. The eye of the mantis shrimp holds 16 color receptive cones, whereas humans only have three. The variety of cones enables them to perceive an enhanced array of colors as a mechanism for mate selection, avoidance of predators, and detection of prey.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aqua.org/explore/animals/mantis-shrimp |title=(2018) "Peacock Mantis Shrimp" ''National Aquarium'' |access-date=2018-03-06 |archive-date=2018-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504093928/http://aqua.org/explore/animals/mantis-shrimp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Swordfish also possess an impressive visual system. The eye of a [[swordfish]] can generate [[heat]] to better cope with detecting their [[prey]] at depths of 2000 feet.<ref>David Fleshler(10-15-2012) ''[http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/breakingnews/fl-giant-eyeball-mystery-20121015,0,2019024.story South Florida Sun-Sentinel] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130203120659/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/breakingnews/fl-giant-eyeball-mystery-20121015,0,2019024.story |date=2013-02-03 }}'',
*[https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6861-swordfish-heat-their-eyes-for-the-hunt.html Swordfish heat their eyes]</ref> Certain [[one-celled]] [[Microorganism|microorganisms]], the [[warnowiid]] [[dinoflagellate]]s have eye-like [[ocelloid]]s, with analogous structures for the lens and retina of the multi-cellular eye.<ref>[http://www.sci-news.com/biology/science-warnowiid-dinoflagellate-plankton-eyes-02973.html Single-Celled Planktonic Organisms Have Animal-Like Eyes, Scientists Say]
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/116 "Molecular phylogeny of ocelloid-bearing dinoflagellates (Warnowiaceae) as inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA sequences"]</ref> The armored shell of the [[chiton]] ''[[Acanthopleura granulata]]'' is also covered with hundreds of [[aragonite]] crystalline eyes, named [[Simple eye in invertebrates|ocelli]], which can form [[image]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.aad1246 | pmid=26586760 | volume=350 | title=Multifunctionality of chiton biomineralized armor with an integrated visual system | year=2015 | journal=Science | pages=952–6  | last1 = Li | first1 = L | last2 = Connors | first2 = MJ | last3 = Kolle | first3 = M | last4 = England | first4 = GT | last5 = Speiser | first5 = DI | last6 = Xiao | first6 = X | last7 = Aizenberg | first7 = J | last8 = Ortiz | first8 = C| issue=6263 | doi-access = free | hdl = 1721.1/100035 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

Many [[fan worm]]s, such as ''[[Acromegalomma interruptum]]'' which live in tubes on the sea floor of the [[Great Barrier Reef]], have evolved compound eyes on their tentacles, which they use to detect encroaching movement. If movement is detected, the fan worms will rapidly withdraw their tentacles. Bok, et al., have discovered opsins and [[G protein]]s in the fan worm's eyes, which were previously only seen in simple [[Cilium|ciliary]] photoreceptors in the brains of some [[Invertebrate|invertebrates]], as opposed to the [[rhabdomeric]] receptors in the eyes of most invertebrates.<ref name="Bok2017">{{cite journal |last1=Bok |first1=Michael J. |last2=Porter |first2=Megan L. |last3=Nilsson |first3=Dan-Eric |title=Phototransduction in fan worm radiolar eyes |journal=Current Biology |date=July 2017 |volume=27 |issue=14 |pages=R698–R699 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.093|pmid=28743013 |hdl=1983/3793ef99-753c-4c60-8d91-92815395387a |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017CBio...27.R698B |hdl-access=free }}  cited by [https://phys.org/news/2017-08-evolution-fan-worm-eyes.html Evolution of fan worm eyes (August 1, 2017) Phys.org]</ref>

Only [[higher primate]] [[Old World]] (African) [[Monkey|monkeys]] and apes ([[macaque]]s, [[ape]]s, [[orangutan]]s) have the same kind of three-cone [[Photoreceptor cell|photoreceptor]] color vision humans have, while lower primate [[New World]] (South American) monkeys ([[spider monkey]]s, [[squirrel monkey]]s, [[Capuchin monkey|cebus monkeys]]) have a two-cone photoreceptor kind of color vision.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vision and art: the biology of seeing|last=Margaret.|first=Livingstone|date=2008|publisher=Abrams|others=Hubel, David H.|isbn=978-0-8109-9554-3|location=New York|oclc=192082768}}</ref>

Biologists have determined that humans have extremely good vision compared to the overwhelming majority of animals, particularly in daylight, surpassed only by a few large species of [[Bird of prey|predatory birds]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Ben |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Which species, including humans, has the sharpest vision? Study debunks old beliefs |url=https://studyfinds.org/which-species-greatest-vision-study-debunks-old-beleifs/ |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Study Finds |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kirk |first=E. Christopher |title=The Evolution of High Visual Acuity in the Anthropoidea |date=2004 |work=Anthropoid Origins: New Visions |pages=539–602 |editor-last=Ross |editor-first=Callum F. |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_20 |access-date=2024-11-02 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_20 |isbn=978-1-4419-8873-7 |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F.|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Other animals such as [[dog]]s are thought to rely more on senses other than vision, which in turn may be better developed than in humans.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gibeault |first1=Stephanie |date=March 22, 2018 |title=Do Dogs Have Self-Awareness? |url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/do-dogs-have-self-awareness/ |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=American Kennel Club |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Animal senses: How they differ from humans |url=https://animalpha.com/animal-senses-how-they-differ-from-humans/ |access-date=February 25, 2024 |website=Animalpha |language=en}}</ref>