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Yuchi language
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===Pronouns=== The Yuchi [[pronoun]] is extremely complex.{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=311}} Except in a few emphatic forms,{{sfn|Speck|1909|p=15}} the pronoun is always suffixed to a verb or noun stem, and appears in eight distinct sets.{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=324}} The first pronoun set, termed the ''Subjective Series'',{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=325}} denotes the subject relationship of the pronoun to the verb.{{sfn|Ballard|1978|p=103}} Series 1 and 2 are close variations that respectively represent a general and specific object, whereas the "independent series" represents freestanding pronouns.{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=325}} ::{| class="wikitable" |+ Subjective Series ! || Subject Series 1 || Subject Series 2 || Independent |- ! 1st Person Sing. | di- || do- || di |- ! 2nd Person Sing. | ne- || yo- || tse |} Third person pronouns follow a complex pattern of kinship and gendered speech that corresponds very closely to the animate noun suffixes. *ho- / ho- / hodi{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *se- / sio- / sedi{{in5|8}}any younger (for men, related) female (used by men and women) *s'e- / s'io- / s'edi{{in5}}younger male relative (used by women only) *e- / eyo- / edi{{in5|10}}older female relative (used by men and women) *o- / o- / odi{{in5|14}}younger unrelated male or any other unrelated person (used by women only) *i-{{in5|29}}any older male relative (used by women only) *we- / yo- / wedi'{{in5|6}}all animate, non-Yuchi beings First person pronouns in the plural are [[Clusivity|inclusive and exclusive]], and there are several kinship-specific third person forms. ::{| class="wikitable" ! || Subject Series 1 || Subject Series 2 || Independent |- ! 1st Person Pl. | o- / no- || o- / no- || odi' / nodi' |- ! 2nd Person Pl. | a- || a'yo- || a'dze |} A few of the third person singular pronouns double as plural pronouns as well. *ho- / ho- / hodi{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *o- / o- / odi{{in5|14}}in the plural, refers to any younger Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only) *i-{{in5|29}}in the plural, refers to any older Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only) *we- / yo- / wedi'{{in5|6}}all animate, non-Yuchi beings The next set, termed the ''Objective Series'',{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p= 330}} denotes the direct or indirect object relationship of the pronoun to the verb.{{sfn|Ballard|1978|p=104}} It otherwise functions identically to the Subjective Series; the two pronoun sets are distinguished by their relative positions within the verb complex.{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=330}} ::{| class="wikitable" |+ Objective Series ! || Direct Series 1 || Direct Series 2 || Indirect |- ! 1st Person Sing. | di- || do- || di |- ! 2nd Person Sing. | ne- || yo- || tse |} The third person singular pronouns are identical to those of the Subjective Series. *ho- / ho- / hodi{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *se- / sio- / sedi{{in5|8}}any younger (for men, related) female (used by men and women) *s'e- / s'io- / s'edi{{in5}}younger male relative (used by women only) *e- / eyo- / edi{{in5|10}}older female relative (used by men and women) *o- / o- / odi{{in5|14}}younger unrelated male or any other unrelated person (used by women only) *i-{{in5|29}}any older male relative (used by women only) *we- / yo- / wedi'{{in5|6}}all animate, non-Yuchi beings ::{| class="wikitable" ! || Direct Series 1 || Direct Series 2 || Indirect |- ! 1st Person Pl. | ondze- / ondzio- || ondzio- / nondzio- || ontso / nonsto |- ! 2nd Person Pl. | andze- || andzio- || aso |} As above, the third person plural pronouns are identical to those of the Subjective Series. *ho- / ho- / hodi{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *o- / o- / odi{{in5|14}}in the plural, refers to any younger Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only) *i-{{in5|29}}in the plural, refers to any older Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only) *we- / yo- / wedi'{{in5|6}}all animate, non-Yuchi beings ====Reflexive pronouns==== [[Reflexive pronoun]]s are amalgamations of the Objective Series 1 and Subjective Series 1 ("Reflexive Series 1") or Subjective Series 2 ("Reflexive Series 2") pronouns.{{sfn|Wagner|1938|p=333}} ::{| class="wikitable" ! || Reflexive Series 1 || Reflexive Series 2 |- ! 1st Person Sing. | tse di- || do'- |- ! 2nd Person Sing. | nendze ne'- || yo'- |} Reflexive third person pronouns function the same, in terms of kinship and gendered speech, as their non-reflexive counterparts. *hode'- / hondio'-{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *siode'- / siodio'-{{in5|9}}any younger (for men, related) female (used by men and women) *s'iode'- / s'iodio'-{{in5|8}}younger male relative (used by women only) *e'yode- / eyondio'-{{in5}}older female relative (used by men and women) *ode'- / odio'-{{in5|15}}younger unrelated male or any other unrelated person (used by women only) *yode'- / yondio'-{{in5|10}}any older male relative (used by women only) Plural reflexive pronouns demonstrate clusivity in the first person, and are identical to non-reflexives in terms of kinship and gendered speech. ::{| class="wikitable" |- ! || Reflexive Series 1 || Reflexive Series 2 |- ! 1st Person Pl. | ondzeo'- / nondzeno'- || ondzeo'- / nondzeno'- |- ! 2nd Person Pl. | andzea'- || andzea'yo- |} Plural reflexive pronouns function identically to their non-reflexive counterparts in the third person. *hode'- / hondio'-{{in5|8}}any male or female Yuchi (used by men and women) *ode'- / odio'-{{in5|14}}in the plural, refers to any younger Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only) *yode'- / yondio'-{{in5|8}}in the plural, refers to any older Yuchi regardless of kinship or gender (used by women only)
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