Editing Auto rickshaw (section)

=== Southeast Asia ===
<gallery class="center" heights="120" mode="packed">
File:PalmyraPalm & Tuktuk@Thakhek2010.jpg|Tuktuks and [[Borassus|palmyra palms]] on the Mekong bank in Thakhek, Laos
File:Tuk-tuk taxi sidecar in Laos.jpg|Tuk-tuk taxi sidecar in Laos
File:Phnom Pen - Tuk Tuk (1).JPG|Tuk-tuk, [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia
</gallery>

==== Cambodia ====
In [[Cambodia]], a passenger-carrying three-wheeled vehicle is known as {{lang|km|រ៉ឺម៉ក}} {{Transliteration|km|rœmâk}} from the French ''remorque''. It is a widely used form of transportation in the capital of Phnom Penh and for visitors touring the [[Angkor]] temples in [[Siem Reap]]. Some have four wheels and is composed of a motorcycle (which leans) and trailer (which does not). Cambodian cities have a much lower volume of automobile traffic than Thai cities, and tuk-tuks are still the most common form of urban transport. There are more than 6,000 tuk-tuks in Phnom Penh, according to the Independent Democracy of Informal Economy Association (IDEA), a union that represents tuk-tuk drivers among other members.<ref name="WILKINS">{{Cite news|url = https://www.cambodiadaily.com/archives/new-futuristic-tuk-tuks-arrive-on-the-streets-of-phnom-penh-52616/|title = New Futuristic Tuk-Tuks Arrive on the Streets of Phnom Penh|last = Wilkins|first = Emily|date = 19 February 2014|work = The Cambodia Daily|access-date = 30 January 2015|archive-date = 30 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150130162440/https://www.cambodiadaily.com/archives/new-futuristic-tuk-tuks-arrive-on-the-streets-of-phnom-penh-52616/|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{Clear}}

<gallery class="center" heights="120px" mode="packed">
File:2016 Phnom Penh, Kambodżański tuk-tuk (02).jpg|
File:Tuk tuks at Kratie - panoramio.jpg|
File:Tuk Tuk Gắn Xe Máy.jpg|
File:Cambodian transport 03 Tuk-tuk.jpg|
File:Tuk-tuk in Phnom Penh.jpg|
</gallery>

==== Indonesia ====
In [[Indonesia]], auto rickshaws are popular in [[Jakarta]] as ''Bajay'', [[Java]], [[Medan]] and [[Gorontalo]] as ''Bentor'', and some parts of [[Sulawesi]] and other places in the country. In Jakarta, the auto rickshaws are called ''Bajay'' or ''Bajaj'' and they are the same to as the ones in India but are colored blue (for the ones which use [[compressed natural gas]]) and orange (for normal gasoline fuel).<ref name="Republika">{{cite news |title=Bajaj Oranye Menunggu Giliran Dimusnahkan |url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/koran/urbana/16/01/07/o0kug62-bajaj-oranye-menunggu-giliran-dimusnahkan |access-date=26 May 2018 |work=Republika Online |date=7 January 2016 |language=id}}</ref> The blue ones are imported from India with the brand of [[Bajaj Auto|Bajaj]] and [[TVS Motor|TVS]] and the orange ones are the old design from 1977. The orange ones uses two-stroke engines as their prime mover, while the blue ones use four stroke engines.
The orange bajaj has been banned since 2017 due to emission regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damarjati |first=Danu |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3547071/dishub-dki-bulan-ini-bajaj-merah-harus-segera-jadi-biru |title=Dishub DKI: Bulan Ini, Bajaj Merah Harus Segera Jadi Biru |date=4 July 2017 |access-date=28 December 2022 |language=Indonesian |trans-title=Jakarta DOT: Red Bajajs must turn Blue this month}}</ref><ref name="Republika"/> The Bajaj is one of the most popular modes of transportation in the city. Outside of Jakarta, the ''bentor''-style auto rickshaw is ubiquitous, with the passenger cabin mounted as a sidecar (like in Medan) or in-front (like the ones in some parts of Sulawesi) to a motorcycle.
<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:Bentor 120919-28792 tbg.JPG|Bentor in North Sumatra
File:Bentor.JPG|Bentor in [[Tana Toraja]], South Sulawesi
File:Bajaj Jakarta Panning.jpg|4-stroke Bajaj in [[Jakarta]]
File:Jakarta bajaj.jpg|Former 2-stroke orange Bajaj in Jakarta (discontinued in 2015)
</gallery>

==== Philippines ====
{{Main|Motorized tricycle (Philippines)}}
{{See also|Cycle rickshaw#Philippines}}

In the [[Philippines]], a similar mode of [[transportation in the Philippines|public transport]] is the "[[Motorized tricycle (Philippines)|tricycle]]" ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''traysikel''; [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]: ''traysikol'').<ref name="PItrykes">{{cite web |url=http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/transport3.htm | title=Motorcycles and tricycles | access-date=2009-03-14 | publisher=Utrecht Faculty of Education | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307210244/http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/transport3.htm | archive-date=7 March 2009 | url-status=dead  }}</ref> Unlike auto rickshaws, however, it has a [[sidecar|motorcycle with a sidecar]] configuration and a different origin. The exact date of its appearance in the Philippines is unknown, but it started appearing after World War 2, roughly at the same time as the appearance of the [[jeepney]]. It is most likely derived from the [[Rikuo Motorcycle|Rikuo]] [[Type 97 motorcycle|Type 97]] military motorcycle used by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] in the Philippines starting at 1941. The motorcycle was essentially a licensed copy of a [[Harley-Davidson]] with a sidecar.<ref name="brits">{{cite web |title=The History of the Philippines Tricycle |url=https://tuktukph.top/the-history-of-the-philippines-tricycle/ |website=Tuk Tuk 3 Wheelers |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> However, there is also another hypothesis which places the origin of the tricycle to the similarly built "[[trisikad]]", a human-powered [[cycle rickshaw]] built in the same configuration as the tricycle. However, the provenance of the trisikad is also unknown. Prior to the tricycles and trisikad, the most common means of mass public transport in the Philippines is a carriage pulled by horses or [[carabao]]s known as the [[kalesa]] (''calesa'' or ''carromata'' in [[Philippine Spanish]]).<ref name="ffe">{{cite web |date=29 December 2016|title=Filipino Icon: Tricycle and Pedicab |url=http://ffemagazine.com/filipino-icon-tricycle-pedicab/ |website=FFE Magazine |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> The [[pulled rickshaw]] never gained acceptance in the Philippines. Americans tried to introduce it in the early 20th century, but it was strongly opposed by local Filipinos who viewed it as an undignified mode of transport that turned humans into "beasts".<ref name="Pante">{{cite journal |last1=Pante |first1=Michael D. |title=Rickshaws and Filipinos: Transnational Meanings of Technology and Labor in American-Occupied Manila |journal=International Review of Social History |date=14 August 2014 |volume=59 |issue=S22 |pages=133–159 |doi=10.1017/S0020859014000315 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The design and configuration of [[tricycles]] vary widely from place to place, but tends towards rough standardization within each municipality. The usual design is a passenger or cargo [[sidecar]] fitted to a motorbike, usually on the right of the motorbike. It is rare to find one with a left sidecar. A larger variant of the tricycle with the motorcycle in the center enclosed by a passenger cab with two side benches is known as a "motorela". It is found on the islands of [[Mindanao]], [[Camiguin]], and [[Bohol]].<ref name="sg">{{cite web |title=Tricycle, Motorela & Habal-Habal |url=https://www.silent-gardens.com/tricycle.php |website=Silent Gardens |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> Another notable variant is the tricycles of the [[Batanes Islands]] which have cabs made from wood and roofed with thatched [[cogon grass]].<ref name="Corsino">{{cite web |last1=Corsino |first1=Nikka |title=A day on Sabtang Island in Batanes |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/travel/332326/a-day-on-sabtang-island-in-batanes/story/ |website=GMA News Online |access-date=25 March 2020|date=24 October 2013}}</ref> In [[Pagadian City]], tricycles are also uniquely built with the passenger cab slanting upwards, due to the city's streets that run along steep hills.<ref name="pagadian">{{cite news |title=WATCH: What makes Pagadian tricycles unique |url=https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/159226-inclined-tricycles-pagadian-city |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=Rappler |date=23 January 2017}}</ref>

Tricycles can carry three passengers or more in the sidecar, one or two [[pillion]] passengers behind the driver, and even a few on the roof of the sidecar. Tricycles are one of the main contributors to air pollution in the Philippines,<ref name=cleanair>{{cite web|url=http://cleanairasia.org/node8236/|title=Tricycles in the Philippines|publisher=cleanairasia.org|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610083809/http://cleanairasia.org/node8236/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=cnnphil>{{cite news|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/03/16/tricycles-as-iconic-as-jeepneys.html|title=Tricycles: As iconic as jeepneys and just as problematic|last=Taruc|first=Paolo|date=25 March 2015|publisher=[[CNN Philippines]]|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107232940/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/03/16/tricycles-as-iconic-as-jeepneys.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> which account for 45% of all [[volatile organic compound]] emissions<ref name=gulfnews>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/philippines-tricycles-and-motorcycles-responsible-for-45-per-cent-of-harmful-emissions-1.1624254|title=Philippines: Tricycles and motorcycles responsible for 45 per cent of harmful emissions|last=Felongco|first=Gilbert P.|date=22 November 2015|publisher=[[Gulf News]]|access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> since majority of them employ two-stroke engines. However, some local governments are working towards phasing out two-stroke tricycles for ones with cleaner four-stroke engines.<ref name=cleanair/><ref name=cleanairmanda>{{cite web|url=http://cleanairasia.org/node757/|title=Mandaluyong City 2-Stroke Replacement Project|publisher=cleanairasia.org|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001051802/https://cleanairasia.org/node757/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Tuk-Tuks have now been accepted as Three-Wheeled Vehicles by the [[Land Transportation Office (Philippines)]] as distinct from tricycles and are now seen in Philippine streets. Electric versions are now seen especially in the city of Manila where they are called e-trikes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bemac-philippines.com/en/updates/news-from-the-web/66-e-r-a-p-manila-electric-tricycle-project-second-batch-of-beneficiaries-ready|title=E.R.A.P. Manila electric tricycle project{{Snd}} Second batch of beneficiaries ready|website=www.bemac-philippines.com}}</ref> Combustion engine tuktuks are locally distributed by [[TVS Motors]] and [[Bajaj Auto]] through dealerships<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tuktukph.top/tvs-king-deluxe-three-wheeler-vs-tricycle-part-i/|title=TVS King Deluxe Three Wheeler Vs Tricycle|date=20 October 2019|website=Tuk Tuk 3-Wheelers}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:Tricycle-Philippines-Dumaguete.JPG|Motorized tricycle, [[Dumaguete]]
File:Kalibo trike.JPG|7-passenger tricycle with large sidecar, province of [[Aklan province|Aklan]]
File:Banaue Philippines Local-Taxi-01.jpg|Tricycle stand, Banaue Municipal Town
</gallery>

==== Thailand ====
The auto rickshaw, called tuk-tuk ({{langx|th|ตุ๊ก ๆ}}, {{IPA|th|túk túk|pron}}) in Thailand, is a widely used form of urban transport in [[Bangkok]] and other Thai cities. The name is [[onomatopoeic]], mimicking the sound of a small (often two-cycle) engine. It is particularly popular where [[traffic congestion]] is a major problem, such as in Bangkok and [[Nakhon Ratchasima]]. In Bangkok in the 1960s, these were called samlaws, and they are still popularly called that today.

Bangkok and other cities in Thailand have many tuk-tuks which are a more open variation on the Indian auto rickshaw. About 20,000 tuk-tuks were registered as taxis in Thailand in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wattanasukchai|first1=Sirinya|title=With our tuk tuks, let's copy the Dutch |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1191193/with-our-tuk-tuks-lets-copy-the-dutch|access-date=2 February 2017|work=Bangkok Post|date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Bangkok alone is reported to have 9,000 tuk-tuks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand government says Bangkok has too many 'tuk-tuks'|url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/04/thailand-government-says-bangkok-has-too-many-tuk-tuks/|access-date=2016-04-15|work=Asian Correspondent|date=2016-04-15|archive-date=2016-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426023304/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/04/thailand-government-says-bangkok-has-too-many-tuk-tuks/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Tuk-tuk hua kob (ตุ๊ก ๆ หัวกบ, {{IPA|th|túk túk hua̯ kop̚|pron}}, literally: frog-headed tuk tuk) is a unique tuk tuk with a cab looking like a frog's head. Only [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] and [[Mueang Trang District|Trang]] have vehicles like this.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://go.ayutthaya.go.th/en/publicize/scoops/frog-headed-tuk-tuk-symbol-of-aytthaya/|title=Frog-headed Tuk Tuk, Symbol of Aytthaya|access-date=2019-05-30|work=Go Ayutthaya}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/336676/trang-tuk-tuk-risk-disappearing|work=Bangkok Post|date=2013-02-19|access-date=2019-05-30|first=Methee|last= Muangkaew|title=Tuk-tuk 'endangered species' in Trang}}</ref>

in 2018, [[MuvMi]], an electric tuk-tuk [[Ridesharing company|ride hailing]] service launched in Bangkok.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-15 |title=MuvMi |url=https://www.thailandmagazine.com/muvmi/?lang=en |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=ThailandMagazine.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:TH Tuk Tuk 1.jpg|Tuk-tuk in Bangkok
File:Traffic police tuk tuk Chiang Mai.jpg|Police tuk-tuk, [[Chiang Mai]]
File:E-Tuktuk in Chiang Mai at Tha Phae Gate IMG 20230124 101128 - kopie.jpg|[[Electric vehicle|Electric]] tuk-tuk in [[Chiang Mai]]
File:Udon-style tuk-tuk.jpg|Thai northeast ([[Isan]])-style half tuk-tuk/half [[songthaew]], Udon Thani (it known as "''skylab''")
File:Taxi-tuk tuk- ayutthaya - panoramio.jpg|Tuk-tuk hua kob, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
File:MuvMi Purple TukTuk.jpg|alt=|[[Electric vehicle|Electric]] [[MuvMi]] tuk-tuk in [[Bangkok]]
</gallery>