Editing Brain–computer interface (section)

====Prosthesis and environment control====
Non-invasive BCIs have been applied to prosthetic upper and lower extremity devices in people with paralysis. For example, Gert Pfurtscheller of [[Graz University of Technology]] and colleagues demonstrated a BCI-controlled [[functional electrical stimulation]] system to restore upper extremity movements in a person with tetraplegia due to [[spinal cord injury]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pfurtscheller G, Müller GR, Pfurtscheller J, Gerner HJ, Rupp R | title = 'Thought'--control of functional electrical stimulation to restore hand grasp in a patient with tetraplegia | journal = Neuroscience Letters | volume = 351 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–36 | date = November 2003 | pmid = 14550907 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00947-9 | s2cid = 38568963 }}</ref> Between 2012 and 2013, researchers at [[University of California, Irvine]] demonstrated for the first time that BCI technology can restore brain-controlled walking after [[spinal cord injury]]. In their [[Spinal cord injury research|study]], a person with [[paraplegia]] operated a BCI-robotic gait [[orthosis]] to regain basic ambulation.<ref name="DoWang2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Do AH, Wang PT, King CE, Chun SN, Nenadic Z | title = Brain-computer interface controlled robotic gait orthosis | journal = Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 111 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24321081 | pmc = 3907014 | doi = 10.1186/1743-0003-10-111 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXNCwonhjG8 Subject with Paraplegia Operates BCI-controlled RoGO (4x)] at YouTube.com</ref> In 2009 independent researcher Alex Blainey used the [[Emotiv]] EPOC to control a 5 axis robot arm.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Cq35VbRpTY Alex Blainey controls a cheap consumer robot arm using the EPOC headset via a serial relay port] at YouTube.com</ref> He made several demonstrations of mind controlled wheelchairs and [[home automation]].