Editing Elective monarchy (section)

===Asia===
====Afghanistan====
{{Further|Loya Jirga}}
In [[Afghanistan]], {{lang|ps-Latn|loya}} jirgas have been reportedly organized since at least the early 18th century when the [[Hotak dynasty|Hotaki]] and [[Durrani dynasty|Durrani]] dynasties rose to power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/opinion/11krakauer.html?scp=8&sq=jon%20krakauer&st=cse |title=To Save Afghanistan, Look to Its Past |author=Jon Krakauer |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 11, 2009 |access-date=2014-10-29 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508182434/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/opinion/11krakauer.html?scp=8&sq=jon%20krakauer&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref>
The ancient [[Aryan]] tribes, who are hypothesized to have spoken [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]], came down in intermittent waves from [[Central Asia]] and Afghanistan which is a common myth. They practiced a sort of jirga system with two types of councils – ''{{transliteration|ps|simite}}'' and ''{{transliteration|ps|sabhā}}''. The ''{{transliteration|ps|simite}}'' (summit) comprised elders and tribal chiefs. The king also joined sessions of the ''{{transliteration|ps|simite}}''. {{transliteration|ps|Sabhā}} was a sort of rural council. In India they are referred to as ''Samiti'' and ''Sabha''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

====Persia/Iran====
The [[Parthian Empire]] (248 BC–224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, is considered to be the oldest elective monarchy in Asia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rawlinson |first1=George |title=A Short History of Parthia |date=4 March 2018 |publisher=Perennial Press |isbn=9781531263249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srJ4DwAAQBAJ&q=Parthian+elective+monarchy&pg=PT51 |access-date=26 November 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515032801/https://books.google.com/books?id=srJ4DwAAQBAJ&q=Parthian+elective+monarchy&pg=PT51 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[King of Kings]] has been required to undergo an assembly of the nobles called [[Parliament|Mahestān]], as a vote of approval before being allowed to ascend to the imperial throne or to be removed from the power.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Other monarchs, such as the former [[Pahlavi dynasty|Shahs of Iran]], have been required to undergo a parliamentary vote of approval before being allowed to ascend to the throne.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

====Mongol Empire====
In the [[Mongol Empire]], the [[Great Khan]] was chosen by the [[Kurultai]]. This was often convened in the capital. Other critical leadership positions were also assigned.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dynastic China : an elementary history|author=Tan, Koon San|isbn=978-9839541885|location=Kuala Lumpur|oclc=898313910|date = 15 August 2014}}</ref>

====Korea====
The ancient Korean kingdom of [[Silla]] elected its first king by a conference of tribal and village elders in 57 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sung Chul Yang |title=The North And South Korean Political Systems: A Comparative Analysis |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1000232127 |page=82}}</ref> [[Unified Silla]]'s kings were elected by the aristocracy whose powers were on par with the king.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hugh Dyson Walker |title=East Asia: A New History |date=2012 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1477265161 |pages=204–205, 457}}</ref> In the kingdom of Goguryeo, the ruler was originally chosen from among the heads of the five tribes, most often the Sono tribe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=James H. Grayson |title=Korea - A Religious History |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1136869259 |page=17}}</ref>

====Siam/Thailand====
There were several occasions that the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Kingdom of Siam]] and [[Thailand]] turned to a semi-elective monarchy system to settle the succession of the crown among disputed heirs:

* In 1824, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died suddenly without having named a successor to [[Front Palace|viceroy]] [[Maha Senanurak]], who had died 16 July 1817. According to the traditions of royal succession, the viceroy or [[uparaja]] was [[heir presumptive]]. If there were none, then an ''[[ad hoc]]'' ''[[senabodi]]'' consisting of senior officials present at the death of a king, would elect a successor.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/thailand/history-rattanakosin.htm
|title= Rattanakosin Period (1782 -present)|access-date= June 5, 2013 |date=  August 18, 2013 |work= Thailand Introduction
|publisher= GlobalSecurity.org|quote= If there was no uparaja at the time of the king's death—and this was frequently the case—the choice of a new monarch drawn from the royal family was left to the Senabodi, the council of senior officials, princes, and Buddhist prelates that assembled at the death of a king. It was such a council that chose Nang Klao's successor.}}</ref> As a result of enormous support from senior and influential noble, [[Nangklao|Chetsadabodin]] was elected as the successor.

* In 1867, as Mongkut had not designated who would succeed him, the choice fell to a council to decide. The council led by Prince Deves, Mongkut's eldest half-brother, then chose Chulalongkorn as Mongkut's successor. However, Chulalongkorn was only 15 and so the council choose [[Si Suriyawongse]] to become the regent until Chulalongkorn came of age.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabongse |first=Chula |url=http://archive.org/details/lordsoflifehisto0000chak |title=Lords of Life; a history of the Kings of Thailand |date=1967 |publisher=London: Alvin Redman |others=Internet Archive}}</ref>

* On 2 March 1935, Prince Ananda Mahidol was elected by the National Assembly and the Thai government to succeed his uncle, King [[Prajadhipok]], as the eighth king of the Chakri dynasty, because [[Prajadhipok]], the previous king, had not named an heir before his abdication.