Editing Finland (section)

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Finland}}
{{See also|List of companies of Finland|List of largest companies in Finland|Helsinki Stock Exchange}}
{{As of|2022}}, Finland ranks 16th globally in nominal GDP per capita according to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]. Additionally, Finland boasts a well-developed welfare system that encompasses free education and universal healthcare, contributing to its reputation as one of the wealthiest nations.

The [[service sector]] constitutes the largest segment of the economy, amounting to 66% of the GDP, while manufacturing and refining make up 31%. [[Primary sector of the economy|Primary production]] accounts for 2.9% of the economy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_kansantalous_en.html |title=Finland in Figures—National Accounts |work=Statistics Finland |access-date=26 April 2007 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822190524/http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_kansantalous_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Manufacturing is the primary economic sector concerning [[International trade|foreign trade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_teollisuus_en.html |title=Finland in Figures—Manufacturing |work=Statistics Finland |access-date=26 April 2007 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421065653/http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_teollisuus_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The predominant industrial sectors in 2007 were electronics (22%), machinery, vehicles, and other engineered metal products (21.1%), forest industry (13%), and chemicals (11%). The gross domestic product reached its peak in 2021.<ref name="statista">{{cite web | url = https://www.statista.com/topics/6910/key-economic-indicators-in-finland/#topicOverview | title = Key economic indicators of Finland | work = statista.com | date = 28 November 2022 | access-date = 11 July 2023 | archive-date = 11 July 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230711215417/https://www.statista.com/topics/6910/key-economic-indicators-in-finland/#topicOverview | url-status = live }}</ref> Finland has been ranked seventh in the [[Global Innovation Index]] of 2023 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2024 |title=Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=www.wipo.int |page=18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.50062 |isbn=978-92-805-3681-2}}</ref>
[[File:Kittilä mine.jpg|thumb|[[Kittilä mine|Kittilä Gold Mine]], in [[Kittilä]], [[Lapland (Finland)|Finnish Lapland]], is the largest primary gold producer in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avkvalves.eu/en/cases/water-cases/agnico-eagle-finland|title=Supplying more than 100 valves to the largest gold mine in Europe|publisher=AVK International|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211181153/https://www.avkvalves.eu/en/cases/water-cases/agnico-eagle-finland|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mining.com/agnico-has-kittila-operating-permit-restored-expects-30000-oz-of-additional-production/|title=Agnico operating permit restored for Kittila mine in Finland|first=Jackson|last=Chen|publisher=Mining.com|date=27 October 2023|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211181153/https://www.mining.com/agnico-has-kittila-operating-permit-restored-expects-30000-oz-of-additional-production/|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Finland has considerable timber, mineral (including [[iron]], [[chromium]], [[copper]], [[nickel]] and [[gold]]) and freshwater resources. Finland's gold production in 2015 was 9 metric tons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold production |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129233804/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=Our World in Data |url-status=live }}</ref> For the rural population, [[forestry]], paper mills and agriculture are important. The [[Helsinki metropolitan area]] area accounts for roughly one-third of Finland's GDP. Private services represent the largest employer in Finland.

Finland's soil and climate pose particular challenges for crop production, with harsh winters and relatively short growing seasons, often interrupted by frost. However, the prevalence of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift Current in Finland's temperate climate allows for half of the world's arable land north of the 60° north latitude. Although annual precipitation is generally adequate, it mostly transpires during winter, which poses a continuous risk of summer droughts. Farmers have adapted to the climate by relying on quick-ripening and frost-resistant crop varieties. They cultivate south-facing slopes and rich bottomlands to ensure year-round production, even during summer frosts. Drainage systems are often utilized to remove excess water. Finland's agricultural sector has demonstrated remarkable efficiency and productivity, particularly in comparison to its European counterparts.<ref name="LOC" />

Forests are crucial to the nation's economy, making it one of the world's foremost wood producers and offering raw materials at competitive prices to the [[wood processing]] industries. The government has played an important role in forestry for a considerable period similar to that in agriculture. It has regulated tree cutting, sponsored technical improvements, and established long-term plans to guarantee the sustainability of the country's forests in supplying the wood-processing industries.<ref name="LOC" />

{{As of|2008}}, the average level of income, adjusted for purchasing power, was comparable to that of Italy, Sweden, Germany and France.<ref name="incomecomparison">{{cite web |url=http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/artikkelit/2008/art_2008-06-09_001.html |title=Suomalaisten tulot Euroopan keskitasoa. Hyvinvointipalvelut eivät paranna sijoitusta |publisher=Tilastokeskus.fi |date=9 June 2008 |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112181601/http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/artikkelit/2008/art_2008-06-09_001.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006, 62% of the labour force was employed by firms with fewer than 250 workers, which generated 49% of total business revenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=895:small-enterprises-grow-faster-than-the-big-ones&catid=33:general&Itemid=201 |title=Small enterprises grow faster than the big ones |publisher=Helsinkitimes.fi |date=11 April 2008 |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826035434/http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=895:small-enterprises-grow-faster-than-the-big-ones&catid=33:general&Itemid=201 |url-status=live }}</ref> The employment rate of women is high. Gender segregation between male-dominated professions and female-dominated professions is higher than in the US.<ref name="niels">The Nordic Model of Welfare: A Historical Reappraisal, by Niels Finn Christiansen</ref> The proportion of part-time workers was one of the lowest in OECD in 1999.<ref name="niels" /> {{As of|2013}}, the 10 largest private sector employers in Finland were [[Itella]], [[Nokia]], [[OP Financial Group|OP-Pohjola]], [[ISS A/S|ISS]], [[VR (company)|VR]], [[Kesko]], [[UPM-Kymmene]], [[YIT]], [[Metso]], and [[Nordea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/sata-suurinta-tyonantajaa-nokia-jai-kakkoseksi/72619deb-427d-3852-8a82-edfa4a7e818e|title=Sata suurinta työnantajaa: Nokia jäi kakkoseksi|first=Antti|last=Mikkonen|website=Talouselämä|date=17 May 2013|access-date=5 August 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805171326/https://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/sata-suurinta-tyonantajaa-nokia-jai-kakkoseksi/72619deb-427d-3852-8a82-edfa4a7e818e|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2022}}, the unemployment rate was 6.8%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12588671 | title=Tilastokeskus: Työllisyysasteen trendiluku heinäkuussa 73,7 prosenttia | date=23 August 2022 | access-date=10 October 2022 | archive-date=10 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010085539/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12588671 | url-status=live }}</ref>

{{As of|2024}}, 47% of households consist of a single person, 32% two persons and 21% three or more persons.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Finland in Figures |url=https://toolbox.finland.fi/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/finland-in-figures-2024.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711215421/https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/187235/yyti_fif_202300_2023_net.pdf;jsessionid=CEBC8DDF671F478AC3ABDB483177047E?sequence=1 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=Statistics Finland}}</ref> The average residential space is {{convert|40|m2}} per person.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=https://www.infofinland.fi/en/housing/housing-in-finland|title=Housing in Finland|publisher=Statistics Finland|access-date=22 December 2022|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120090820/https://www.infofinland.fi/en/housing/housing-in-finland|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, Finland's GDP reached €273 billion.<ref name="statista"/> In 2022, altogether 74 per cent of employed persons worked in services and administration, 21 per cent in industry and construction, and four per cent in agriculture and forestry.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=https://www.stat.fi/uutinen/finland-in-figures-2023-key-figures-about-us|title=Finland in Figures 2023 – key figures about us|publisher=Statistics Finland|date=1 June 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711215418/https://www.stat.fi/uutinen/finland-in-figures-2023-key-figures-about-us|url-status=live}}</ref>

Finland has the highest concentration of [[cooperative]]s relative to its population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maine.coop/Finland.php |title=Finland: Globalization Insurance: Finland's Leap of Caution |website=Cooperatives Build a Better Maine|publisher=Cooperative Maine Business Alliance & Cooperative Development Institute |access-date=1 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042001/http://maine.coop/Finland.php |archive-date=2 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The largest retailer, which is also the largest private employer, [[S Group|S-Group]], and the largest bank, OP-Group, in the country are both cooperatives.

===Energy===
{{See also|Energy in Finland|Nordic energy market|Peat energy in Finland|Nuclear power in Finland}}
[[File:EPR OLK3 TVO fotomont 2 Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|The [[Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant]]. Finland has five commercial nuclear reactors.<ref name=STT2023/>]]
The free and largely privately owned financial and physical [[Nordic energy market]]s traded in [[NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe]] and [[Nord Pool Spot]] exchanges, have provided competitive prices compared with other EU countries. {{As of|2022}}, Finland has the lowest non-household electricity prices in the EU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electricity price statistics - Statistics Explained |publisher=Eurostat |date=13 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |url= https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics#Electricity_prices_for_non-household_consumers |issn=2443-8219 }}</ref>

In 2021, the energy market was around 87 terawatt hours and the peak demand around 14 [[gigawatt]]s in winter.<ref name=TilastokeskusEnergia>{{Cite web |title=Energia |publisher=Tilastokeskus |date=3 March 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |url=https://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_energia.html |language=fi |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418122138/https://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_energia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sähkön tuotanto ja kulutus |date=19 May 2017 |publisher=Fingrid |access-date=18 April 2023 |url= https://www.fingrid.fi/sahkomarkkinainformaatio/kulutus-ja-tuotanto/|language=fi }}</ref> Industry and construction consumed 43.5% of total consumption, a relatively high figure reflecting Finland's industries.<ref name=TilastokeskusEnergia/> Finland's [[hydrocarbon resources]] are limited to [[peat]] and wood. About 18% of the electricity is produced by [[hydropower]]<ref name=TilastokeskusEnergia/> In 2021, [[renewable energy]] (mainly hydropower and various forms of wood energy) was high at 43% compared with the EU average of 22% in final energy consumption.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of energy from renewable sources |publisher=Eurostat |date=5 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_ren/default/table?lang=en |id=NRG_IND_REN |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418122138/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_ren/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> About 20% of electricity is imported, especially from Sweden due to its lower cost there.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Suomi pärjää ilman Venäjän sähköä' – omavaraisuus saavutetaan kahdessa vuodessa, arvioi Fingrid |last=Autio |first=Antti |work=Ilta-Sanomat |agency=STT, Antti |date=4 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2023 |url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000008726918.html |language=fi |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418122138/https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000008726918.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2022|02}}, Finland's [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|strategic petroleum reserves]] held 200 days worth of net oil imports in the case of emergencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[International Energy Agency]] |date=12 May 2022 |title=Oil Stocks of IEA Countries |url=https://www.iea.org/articles/oil-stocks-of-iea-countries |access-date=17 May 2022 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |language= |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150055/https://www.iea.org/articles/oil-stocks-of-iea-countries |url-status=live }}</ref>

Finland has five privately owned nuclear reactors producing 40% of the country's energy.<ref name=STT2023>{{Cite web |title=Joko nyt? Olkiluodon ydinvoimalan viimeinen testi maalissa – maanantaista odotetaan suurta päivää |agency=STT |work=MTVuutiset.fi |date=13 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |url=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/joko-nyt-olkiluodon-ydinvoimalan-viimeinen-testi-maalissa-maanantaista-odotetaan-suurta-paivaa/8675154 |language=fi |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418122138/https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/joko-nyt-olkiluodon-ydinvoimalan-viimeinen-testi-maalissa-maanantaista-odotetaan-suurta-paivaa/8675154 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository]] is currently under construction at the [[Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant]] in the municipality of [[Eurajoki]], on the west coast of Finland, by the company [[Posiva]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Journey deep into the Finnish caverns where nuclear waste will be buried for millennia |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/olkiluoto-island-finland-nuclear-waste-onkalo |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=24 April 2017 |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826061516/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/olkiluoto-island-finland-nuclear-waste-onkalo |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Transport===
{{Main|Transport in Finland}}
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| caption1          = A [[VR Class Sr2]] locomotive. The state-owned [[VR (company)|VR]] operates a railway network serving all major cities in Finland.
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Finland's road system is utilized by most internal cargo and passenger traffic. The annual state operated road network expenditure of around €1&nbsp;billion is paid for with vehicle and fuel taxes which amount to around €1.5 billion and €1&nbsp;billion, respectively. Among the [[Highways in Finland|Finnish highways]], the most significant and busiest main roads include the [[Turku Highway]] ([[European route E18|E18]]), the [[Tampere Highway]] ([[European route E12|E12]]), the [[Lahti Highway]] ([[European route E75|E75]]), and the ring roads ([[Ring I]] and [[Ring III]]) of the Helsinki metropolitan area and the [[Tampere Ring Road]] of the [[Tampere urban area]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsnowfinland.fi/domestic/top-gear-finlands-busiest-roads-revealed|title=Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed|website=News Now Finland|date=19 March 2018|access-date=27 August 2020|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127030617/https://newsnowfinland.fi/domestic/top-gear-finlands-busiest-roads-revealed|url-status=dead }}</ref>

The main international passenger gateway is [[Helsinki Airport]], which handled about 15.3 million passengers in 2023.<ref name="dom">{{cite web |title=Statistics: A total of 18.3 million passengers flew via Finavia's airports in 2023 |url=https://www.finavia.fi/en/newsroom/2024/statistics-total-183-million-passengers-flew-finavias-airports-2023-increase-19-year |date=15 January 2024 |access-date=22 October 2024 |website=Finavia }}</ref> Another [[List of airports in Finland|26 airports]] have scheduled passenger services.<ref name="finavia_pass_stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.finavia.fi/files/finavia/vuosikertomukset_pdf/Finavia_vsk_2008_GB_LR.pdf |title=Airport operations |work=Annual report 2008 |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=28 July 2009 |location=Vantaa |publisher=Finavia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807205454/http://www.finavia.fi/files/finavia/vuosikertomukset_pdf/Finavia_vsk_2008_GB_LR.pdf |archive-date=7 August 2011 }}</ref> The Helsinki Airport-based [[Finnair]], [[Blue1]], and [[Nordic Regional Airlines]], [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] sell air services both domestically and internationally.

The Government annually spends around €350&nbsp;million to maintain the {{convert|5865|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} network of railway tracks. Rail transport is handled by the state-owned [[VR Group]].<ref name="ljvr">Transport and communications ministry—Rail. For the year 2009 update: [http://rhk-fi-bin.directo.fi/@Bin/a7268406c6d22495230bb875bdf04c78/1299812171/application/pdf/4036970/Finnish%20Railway%20Statistics%202010.pdf Finnish Railway Statistics 2010].</ref> Finland's first railway was opened in 1862,<ref>Neil Kent: ''Helsinki: A Cultural History'', p. 18. Interlink Books, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1566565448}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5061482|title=Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hämeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten|trans-title=The "fire horse" arrived first time in Hämeenlinna 150 years ago|work=Yle Häme|publisher=Yle|date=31 January 2012|access-date=17 March 2022|language=fi|archive-date=21 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521090306/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5061482|url-status=live}}</ref> and today it forms part of the [[Finnish Main Line]], which is more than 800 kilometers long. Helsinki opened the world's northernmost [[Helsinki Metro|metro system]] in 1982.

The majority of international cargo shipments are handled at ports. [[Vuosaari Harbour]] in Helsinki is the largest container port in Finland; others include [[Kotka]], [[Hamina]], [[Hanko, Finland|Hanko]], [[Pori]], [[Rauma, Finland|Rauma]], and [[Oulu]]. There is passenger traffic from Helsinki and Turku, which have ferry connections to [[Tallinn]], [[Mariehamn]], [[Stockholm]] and [[Travemünde]]. The Helsinki-Tallinn route is one of the busiest passenger sea routes in the world.<ref name="busiest">{{Cite web |title=The Busiest Crossing |work=Discover the Baltic |date=24 April 2009 |url= http://discoverthebaltic.com/travel/bblog.htm#280409 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326210756/http://www.discoverthebaltic.com/travel/bblog.htm |archive-date=26 March 2010 |language=en }}</ref>

===Industry===
{{Main|Economy of Finland}}
[[File:Oasis of the Seas.jpg|thumb|The [[Oasis of the Seas]] was built at the [[Perno shipyard]] in [[Turku]].]]
Finland rapidly industrialized after World War II, achieving GDP per capita levels comparable to that of Japan or the UK at the beginning of the 1970s. Initially, most of the economic development was based on two broad groups of export-led industries, the "metal industry" (''metalliteollisuus'') and "forest industry" (''metsäteollisuus''). The "metal industry" includes shipbuilding, metalworking, the [[automotive industry]], engineered products such as motors and [[Electronics industry|electronics]], and production of metals and alloys including [[steel]], [[copper]] and [[chromium]]. Many of the world's biggest [[cruise ship]]s, including [[MS Freedom of the Seas]] and the [[Oasis of the Seas]] have been built in Finnish shipyards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/presskit/Oasis_of_the_Seas.pdf |title=Oasis of the Seas: Fast Facts |work=OasisoftheSeas.com |date=10 September 2009 |access-date=24 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220080037/http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/presskit/Oasis_of_the_Seas.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Freedom of the Seas Fact Sheet – Royal Caribbean Press Center|url=https://www.royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com/fact-sheet/5/freedom-of-the-seas/|access-date=16 June 2020|website=royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930155947/https://www.royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com/fact-sheet/5/freedom-of-the-seas/|url-status=live}}</ref> The "forest industry" includes forestry, timber, pulp and paper, and is often considered a logical development based on Finland's extensive forest resources, as 73% of the area is covered by forest. In the [[pulp and paper industry]], many major companies are based in Finland; [[Ahlstrom-Munksjö]], [[Metsä Board]], and [[UPM (company)|UPM]] are all Finnish forest-based companies with revenues exceeding €1&nbsp;billion. However, in recent decades, the Finnish economy has diversified, with companies expanding into fields such as electronics ([[Nokia]]), metrology ([[Vaisala]]), petroleum ([[Neste]]), and [[Video games in Finland|video games]] ([[Rovio Entertainment]]), and is no longer dominated by the two sectors of metal and forest industry. Likewise, the structure has changed, with the service sector growing. Despite this, production for export is still more prominent than in Western Europe, thus making Finland possibly more vulnerable to global economic trends.

In 2023, the Finnish economy was estimated to consist of approximately 2.3% agriculture, 23.9% manufacturing, and 61.4% services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe :: Finland – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220030113/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/ |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=cia.gov}}</ref> In 2019, the per-capita income of Finland was estimated to be $48,869. In 2020, Finland was ranked 20th on the [[ease of doing business index]], among 190 jurisdictions.

===Public policy===
{{See also|Nordic model}}
[[File:Helsingborg 2013-05-18 (9028295238).jpg|thumb|Flags of the [[Nordic countries]] from left to right: Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway and Finland.]]
Finnish politicians have often emulated the Nordic model.<ref name="nordicmodel">[http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf The Nordic Model] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905212132/http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf |date=5 September 2012 }} by Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen</ref> Nordics have been free-trading for over a century. The level of protection in commodity trade has been low, except for agricultural products.<ref name="nordicmodel" /> Finland is ranked 13th in the 2025 global [[Index of Economic Freedom]] and ninth in Europe.<ref name="freedom" /> According to the OECD, only four [[EU-15]] countries have less regulated [[product market]]s and only one has less regulated [[financial market]]s.<ref name="nordicmodel" /> The 2024 [[International Institute for Management Development|IMD]] World Competitiveness Yearbook ranked Finland 15th most [[Competitiveness|competitive]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Finland drops further in global competitiveness ranking |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20097769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612031526/http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/announcing.cfm |archive-date=12 June 2007 |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=yle.fi}}</ref> The [[World Economic Forum]] 2019 index ranked Finland the eleventh most competitive.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 |url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619083349/http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%2BCompetitiveness%2BReport/index.htm |archive-date=19 June 2008 |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref>

The legal system is clear and business bureaucracy less than most countries.<ref name="freedom">{{cite web |title=Finland economy |url=https://static.heritage.org/index/pdf/2025/2025_indexofeconomicfreedom_finland.pdf |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629041208/http://www.heritage.org/index/country/Finland |archive-date=29 June 2011 |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref> Property rights are well protected and contractual agreements are strictly honoured.<ref name="freedom" /> Finland is rated the least corrupt country in the world in the [[Corruption Perceptions Index]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/results/ |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 – Results |publisher=Transparency.org |access-date=12 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129013918/http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/results/ |archive-date=29 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 20th in the [[Ease of doing business index]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ranking of economies – Doing Business – World Bank Group |url=https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/data/doing-business-score |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915084658/http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=28 March 2025 |work=doingbusiness.org}}</ref>

In Finland, [[Collective agreement#Finland|collective labour agreements]] are universally valid. These are drafted every few years for each profession and seniority level, with only a few jobs outside the system. The agreement becomes universally enforceable provided that more than 50% of the employees support it, in practice by being a member of a relevant trade union. The unionization rate is high (70%), especially in the middle class ([[AKAVA]], mostly for university-educated professionals: 80%).<ref name="nordicmodel" />

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Finland}}
[[File:Hameenlinna.JPG|thumb|The historical [[Häme Castle]] in [[Hämeenlinna]] is located close to the [[Lake Vanajavesi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visithame.fi/en/companies/|title=company|website=Visit Häme}}</ref>]]
In 2017, tourism in Finland grossed approximately €15.0&nbsp;billion. Of this, €4.6&nbsp;billion (30%) came from foreign tourism.<ref name="Matkailutilinpito">{{cite report|year=2019|title=Matkailutilinpito: Matkailun talous- ja työllisyysvaikutukset 2016–2017|url=https://www.businessfinland.fi/499c03/contentassets/4b07e15186484a69b62e991ed85a6c45/matkailutilinpito_2016-2017.pdf|publisher=[[Business Finland]], Visit Finland|access-date=2 April 2020|language=fi|archive-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415131213/https://www.businessfinland.fi/499c03/contentassets/4b07e15186484a69b62e991ed85a6c45/matkailutilinpito_2016-2017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, there were 15.2&nbsp;million overnight stays of domestic tourists and 6.7&nbsp;million overnight stays of foreign tourists.<ref name="TEM">{{cite web|url=https://tem.fi/en/finnish-tourism-in-numbers|title=Finnish tourism in numbers|author=Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment|author-link=Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (Finland)|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416075104/https://tem.fi/en/finnish-tourism-in-numbers|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourism contributes roughly 2.7% to Finland's GDP.<ref name="Tourism_infographic"/>

[[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]] has the highest tourism consumption of any Finnish region.<ref name="Tourism_infographic">{{cite report|year=2019|title=Tourism as Export Infographic 2019|url=https://www.businessfinland.fi/494339/globalassets/julkaisut/visit-finland/tutkimukset/2020/2019-tourism-as-export-infographic.pdf|publisher=Business Finland, Visit Finland|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415140027/https://www.businessfinland.fi/494339/globalassets/julkaisut/visit-finland/tutkimukset/2020/2019-tourism-as-export-infographic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Above the [[Arctic Circle]], in midwinter, there is a [[polar night]], a period when the sun does not rise for days or weeks, or even months, and correspondingly, [[midnight sun]] in the summer, with no sunset even at midnight (for up to 73 consecutive days, at the northernmost point). Lapland is so far north that the [[aurora borealis]], [[fluorescence]] in the high atmosphere due to [[solar wind]], is seen regularly in the fall, winter, and spring. Finnish Lapland is also locally regarded as the home of [[Santa Claus]], with several theme parks, such as [[Santa Claus Village]] and [[Santa Park]] in [[Rovaniemi]].<ref name="travel+leisure"/><ref>{{cite web|title=The Real Home of Santa Claus in Finland|url=http://www.lifeinlapland.com/articles/lapland-travel-tips/real-home-santa-korvatunturi.html|access-date=20 November 2017|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130173930/http://www.lifeinlapland.com/articles/lapland-travel-tips/real-home-santa-korvatunturi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/15/world/asia/santa-finland-rovaniemi.html|title=Santa Lives in Rovaniemi, Finland. Some of His Neighbors Are Not Thrilled.|first=Jeffrey|last=Gettleman|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 April 2025|access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref> Other significant tourist destinations in Lapland also include [[ski resort]]s (such as [[Levi, Finland|Levi]], [[Ruka, Finland|Ruka]] and [[Ylläs]])<ref name="travel+leisure"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/finland/articles/top-12-ski-resorts-in-finland/|title=The Top 12 Ski Resorts in Finland|first=Jessica|last=Wood|website=Culture Trip|date=17 August 2017}}</ref> and [[sleigh]] rides led by either [[reindeer]] or [[Husky|huskies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://santaclausvillage.info/services/activity-services/santa-claus-reindeer-rides-safaris-rovaniemi/|title=Santa Claus Reindeer rides & excursions in Rovaniemi Lapland Finland|website=Santa Claus Village Rovaniemi Finland|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818004506/https://santaclausvillage.info/services/activity-services/santa-claus-reindeer-rides-safaris-rovaniemi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yllas.fi/en/activities/husky-safaris-and-reindeers.html|title=Discover the winter magic with Huskies and Reindeers|website=yllas.fi|date=14 June 2023|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126122915/https://www.yllas.fi/en/activities/husky-safaris-and-reindeers.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Suomenlinna.jpg|thumb|left|Now lying within Helsinki, [[Suomenlinna]] is a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] consisting of an inhabited 18th-century sea fortress built on six islands. It is one of Finland's most popular tourist attractions.]]
Tourist attractions in Finland include the natural landscape found throughout the country as well as urban attractions. Finland contains 40 [[List of national parks of Finland|national parks]] (such as [[Koli National Park]] in [[North Karelia]]), from the Southern shores of the [[Gulf of Finland]] to the high [[fell]]s of Lapland. Outdoor activities range from [[Nordic skiing]], golf, fishing, [[yachting]], lake cruises, hiking, and [[kayaking]], among many others. [[Bird-watching]] is popular for those fond of avifauna, however, [[hunting]] is also popular.

The most famous [[List of tourist attractions in Helsinki|tourist attractions in Helsinki]] include the [[Helsinki Cathedral]] and the [[Suomenlinna]] sea fortress.<ref name="travel+leisure"/> The most well-known Finnish amusement parks include [[Linnanmäki]] in Helsinki and [[Särkänniemi]] in [[Tampere]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trip101.com/article/theme-parks-in-finland|title=Top 6 Theme Parks And Amusement Parks in Finland|date=30 December 2019|website=Trip101|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=17 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617081307/https://trip101.com/article/theme-parks-in-finland|url-status=live}}</ref> [[St. Olaf's Castle]] (''Olavinlinna'') in [[Savonlinna]] hosts the annual [[Savonlinna Opera Festival]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://operafestival.fi/en/|title=Home – Savonlinna Opera Festival|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722015547/https://operafestival.fi/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[medieval]] milieus of the cities of [[Turku]], [[Rauma, Finland|Rauma]] and [[Porvoo]] also attract spectators.<ref name="travel+leisure"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foreigner.fi/articulo/tourism/five-finnish-cities-worth-touristic-visit/20190623190002002246.html|title=5 Finnish cities that deserve a tourist visit|website=Foreigner.fi|date=23 June 2019|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810150541/https://www.foreigner.fi/articulo/tourism/five-finnish-cities-worth-touristic-visit/20190623190002002246.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Baltic Sea cruiseferries|Commercial cruises]] between major coastal and port cities in the Baltic region play a significant role in the local tourism industry.