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Flow measurement
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===Cone meters=== [[File:VW8-WN-RF-Cls300 composite.Low Res.jpg|thumb|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|adj=on}} V-cone [[flowmeter]] shown with ANSI 300# ({{convert|300|lb/sqin|bar MPa|disp=output only}}) raised face [[weld neck flange]]s]] Cone meters are a newer differential pressure metering device first launched in 1985 by McCrometer in Hemet, CA. The cone meter is a generic yet robust differential pressure (DP) meter that has shown to be resistant to effects of asymmetric and swirling flow. While working with the same basic principles as Venturi and orifice type DP meters, cone meters don't require the same upstream and downstream piping.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://pgjonline.com/2012/07/03/cone-dp-meter-calibration-issues/|title=Cone DP Meter Calibration Issues |work=Pipeline & Gas Journal |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052949/https://pgjonline.com/2012/07/03/cone-dp-meter-calibration-issues/ |archive-date=27 September 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> The cone acts as a conditioning device as well as a differential pressure producer. Upstream requirements are between 0β5 diameters compared to up to 44 diameters for an orifice plate or 22 diameters for a Venturi. Because cone meters are generally of welded construction, it is recommended they are always calibrated prior to service. Inevitably heat effects of welding cause distortions and other effects that prevent tabular data on discharge coefficients with respect to line size, beta ratio and operating Reynolds numbers from being collected and published. Calibrated cone meters have an uncertainty up to Β±0.5%. Un-calibrated cone meters have an uncertainty of Β±5.0%{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}
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