Editing Habitat fragmentation (section)

=== Sustainable forest management ===

The presence of forest fragments influences the supply of various [[ecosystem]]s in adjacent [[Agriculture|agricultural]] fields (Mitchell et al. 2014). Mitchell et al. (2014), researched on six varying ecosystem factors such as crop production, [[decomposition]], [[pesticide regulation]], carbon storage, [[soil fertility]], and water quality regulation in soybean fields through separate distances by nearby forest fragments which all varied in isolation and size across an agricultural landscape in [[Quebec|Quebec, Canada]]. Sustainable forest management can be achieved in several ways including by managing forests for [[ecosystem service]]s (beyond simple provisioning), through government compensation schemes, and through effective regulation and legal frameworks.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chapter 23 - Sustainable Forest Management|date=2019-01-01|url=https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=36180|journal=Sustainable Food and Agriculture|pages=233–236|editor-last=Campanhola|editor-first=Clayton|publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-812134-4.00023-6|language=en|isbn=978-0-12-812134-4|s2cid=128938268|editor2-last=Pandey|editor2-first=Shivaji|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The only realistic method of conserving forests is to apply and practice sustainable [[forest management]] to risk further loss.

There is a high industrial demand for [[wood]], [[Pulp (paper)|pulp]], [[paper]], and other resources which the [[forest]] can provide with, thus businesses which will want more access to the cutting of forests to gain those resources. The [[Rainforest Alliance|rainforest alliance]] has efficiently been able to put into place an approach to sustainable forest management, and they established this in the late 1980s. Their [[Conservation biology|conservation]] was deemed successful as it has saved over nearly half a billion acres of land around the world.<ref name="What is Sustainable Forestry">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/what-is-sustainable-forestry|title=What is Sustainable Forestry?|website=Rainforest Alliance|date=28 July 2016|language=en|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref>

A few approaches and measures which can be taken in order to conserve forests are methods by which erosion can be minimized, waste is properly disposed, conserve native [[tree]] species to maintain [[genetic diversity]], and setting aside forestland (provides habitat for critical [[Species|wildlife species]]).<ref name="What is Sustainable Forestry" /> Additionally, [[Wildfire|forest fires]] can also occur frequently and measures can also be taken to further prevent forest fires from occurring. For example, in [[Guatemala]]’s culturally and ecologically significant [[Petén Department|Petén]] region, researchers were able to find over a 20-year period, actively managed [[Forest Stewardship Council|FSC]]-certified forests experienced substantially lower rates of [[deforestation]] than nearby protected areas, and forest fires only affected 0.1 percent of certified land area, compared to 10.4 percent of protected areas.<ref name="What is Sustainable Forestry" /> However, it must be duly noted that short term decisions regarding forest sector employment and harvest practices can have long-term effects on biodiversity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs90/gtr-nrs-90-chapter-4.pdf|title=Strategies for Sustainable Forest Management|website=fed.us}}</ref> Planted forests become increasingly important as they supply approximately a quarter of global industrial roundwood production and are predicted to account for 50% of global output within two decades (Brown, 1998; Jaakko Poyry, 1999).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Siry|first1=Jacek P.|last2=Cubbage|first2=Frederick W.|last3=Ahmed|first3=Miyan Rukunuddin|date=2005-05-01|title=Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities|journal=Forest Policy and Economics|language=en|volume=7|issue=4|pages=551–561|doi=10.1016/j.forpol.2003.09.003|bibcode=2005ForPE...7..551S |issn=1389-9341}}</ref> Although there have been many difficulties, the implementation of forest certification has been quite prominent in being able to raise effective awareness and disseminating knowledge on a holistic concept, embracing economic, environmental and social issues, worldwide. While also providing a tool for a range of other applications than assessment of [[sustainability]], such as e.g. verifying [[Carbon sink|carbon sinks.]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rametsteiner|first1=Ewald|last2=Simula|first2=Markku|date=2003-01-01|title=Forest certification—an instrument to promote sustainable forest management?|journal=Journal of Environmental Management|series=Maintaining Forest Biodiversity|language=en|volume=67|issue=1|pages=87–98|doi=10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00191-3|pmid=12659807|bibcode=2003JEnvM..67...87R |issn=0301-4797}}</ref>