Editing Hiddensee (section)

=== 19th century to the end of the Second World War ===
[[File:Hiddensee historische karte.jpg|thumb|Detail Special Charte Island of Rügen (1829)]]
From 1800 to 1836 the island belonged to captain and Knight [[Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Bagewitz]] (1777–1835) on [[List of characters in the Family Guy franchise|Ralow]]. He increased the levies, drove the people of Hiddensee to 104 days of forced labor annually on his estates and prevented a school for the children. Under him, the free peasants in Grieben became serfs. Even when [[Gustavus Adolphus|King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden]] abolished serfdom in 1806, nothing changed on Hiddensee.

From 1815, Hiddensee and Vorpommern belonged to [[Prussia]] until the end of [[World War II]] and was assigned to the district of [[Rügen]] (until 1939, the district of Rügen). In 1836, [[Stralsund|Stralsund's]] [[Holy Spirit Monastery]] acquired the island, and the first schools on the island were built in Plogshagen and Kloster in 1837 and 1840, respectively. In the years between 1854 and 1864, a reorganization of the land relations also took place on Hiddensee in the context of the redemption of the real burdens (liberation of farmers).
[[File:Stralsund, KHM, Hiddenseeschmuck Kopie, Detail (2007-03-10).JPG|thumb|Cross of [[Hiddensee treasure]] in Stralsund]]
Until 1861, Hiddensee was virtually treeless for decades, except for the barren willow avenue between the monastery and Grieben and a few pines planted there around 1770, as well as a few trees at Schwedenhagen and Rübenberg. The dense oak tree population on Hiddensee, which still existed in the 13th century, had been almost completely decimated for firewood, house and ship building by the beginning of the 17th century. That the slash-and-burn in 1628 by [[Albrecht von Wallenstein|Wallenstein]] would have destroyed the forest, as the [[legend]] would have it, is unlikely, because already on the map of Rügen by [[Eilhard Lubinus|Eilhard Lubin]] from 1602 no tree symbol is drawn on Hiddensee anymore and the thorn bush is shown as bare hilly land. First in 1861 the Dornbusch between Bakenberg and Hucke was planted with pines, around 1900 also the Dornbusch north of Bakenberg, the coastal section from Hucke to the museum of local history as well as from there along the coast to Gellen ([[Karkensee]]). The section of coast in front of Vitte was excluded from this, because the Vitter rejected the government's offered reforestation for the reason that access to the beach for tourists would then be impeded.

In 1864 and 1872, the island was hit by [[severe storm floods]]. During the first flood, Hiddensee broke in two due to a complete flooding at the narrowest point of the island, south of Neuendorf, which could only be reversed by extensive reconstruction measures six years later. After the second storm flood, the [[Hiddensee treasure]], a Viking work from the 10th century, is said to have been found. A [[replica]] of it can be seen in the [[Hiddensee Museum of Local History]],<ref>Claudia Hoffmann: ''Der Goldschmuck von Hiddensee.'' In: ''WELT-KULTUR-ERBE.'' Nr. 01/2009, {{OCLC|265909878}}</ref> the original is on display in the [[Stralsund Museum]].

In 1874, the district of Hiddensee was formed in the German Empire. In 1875, the painter [[Gustav Schönleber]] "discovered" Hiddensee, which was difficult to access. In 1888 the lighthouse on the Dornbusch, the harbor and the sea rescue station were completed in Kloster. In 1887 the bulwark in Kloster was built, and in 1905 and 1907 the steamer landing bridges in Vitte and Neuendorf. From this time on, larger ships could dock directly on Hiddensee and the adventurous mooring or disembarking at the level of the ferry island was no longer necessary. From 1892 onwards, [[steamship]]s operated regularly between Stralsund and Kloster for the first time. From 1905, with the founding of the medical association, the first doctor on Hiddensee received his license.

With the almost simultaneous construction of five large hotels in Kloster (''Haus Hitthim'' in 1909, ''Zum Klausner'' in 1911, ''Wieseneck and Haus am Meer'' - the later Vogelwarte - both in 1913, and in the same year the Dornbusch, which had been expanded from an inn to a hotel), the number of tourists increased by leaps and bounds and Kloster became the island's main tourist resort.

With the founding of the Hiddensee Nature Conservation Association, the [[Fährinsel]] was declared a [[nature reserve]] in 1910 and [[Gellen]] and [[Gänsewerder]] in 1922 by the Prussian government. The status of a nature reserve was given to the [[Dornbusch, the Schwedenhagener Ufer]] and the [[Altbessin]] in 1937.

From 1916 to 1921, the photographer [[Elfriede Reichelt]] visited the island several times. Between 1922 and 1925, [[Max Taut]] built a house on Hiddensee every year. The most famous is the [[Asta Nielsen|''Karusel'']] in Vitte, built in 1922, which the silent film actress [[Asta Nielsen]] bought as a residence in 1928 and for which [[Bruno Taut]] had designed the color concept of the house. Just near Karusel is another house by Max Taut, ''Haus Weidermann'', built in 1923 for the Berlin merchant Karl Weidermann. In Kloster stand the ''Haus Pingel'', built for the interior designer Walter Pingel in 1924 (significantly altered structurally in the 1960s), and right next to it the house built in 1925 for the Berlin publisher Max Gehlen, which has been on the grounds of the [[Hiddensee Biological Station|Biological Station of Hiddensee]] since 1930 and is used as a doctoral student house.

In 1927, a police regulation was issued prohibiting the use of motor vehicles on the island. Only the island doctor and the local police were allowed to use a motorcycle. In the same year the island was connected to the electricity grid and three years later the Biological Research Station was founded by Erich Leick from the [[University of Greifswald]], which together with an ornithological station became the [[Biological Research Institute Hiddensee|Biological Research Institute  of Hiddensee]] in 1936.
[[File:Ernst Thoms - Hiddensee (1937).jpg|alt=Watercolor on paper by Ernst Thoms, 1937|thumb|Hiddensee: [[Watercolor painting]] on paper by [[Ernst Thoms]], 1937]]
In 1937, work began on the large stone embankment with stone groynes in front of the Hucke. It was planned to protect the entire approximately four-kilometer-long break-off bank of the Dornbusch with a rampart. In addition to protecting the island, the intention was to limit sand drift in order to save the costs of constant dredging at the Gellen channel and in the Stralsund fairway. The outbreak of World War II put an end to the construction work, only four hundred meters were completed and remained so until today. After the construction of the Huckemauer, the beach at Kloster and Vitte deteriorated, suffering from a lack of sand.

Between 1937 and 1939, the three communities on the island merged to form the municipality of Hiddensee. Until before 1939, according to the last officially published ''Güter-Adressbuch Pommern'', the family of Paul Wüstenberg was the tenant of the 239 ha ''Stadtgutes Kloster Hiddensee''.<ref>{{citation |title=Landwirtschaftliches Adreßbuch der Provinz Pommern 1939. Verzeichnis von ca. 20000 landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben von 20 ha aufwärts mit Angabe der Besitzer, Pächter und Verwalter, der Gesamtgröße des Betriebes und Flächeninhalt der einzelnen Kulturen; nach amtlichen Quellen |periodical=Letzte Ausgabe Reihe Paul Niekammer |volume=Band I f. Ausgabe Pommern |issue=Kreis Rügen |pages=50 |year=2020 |editor=H. Seeliger |orig-date=1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzgDEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kloster+Hiddensee+1939+Paul+W%C3%BCstenberg&pg=PA50 |access-date=2022-04-23 |edition=9 |location=Leipzig |publisher=Verlag von Niekammer's Adreßbüchern G.m.b.H. |isbn=978-3-88372-229-0}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> According to genealogical sources of the Deutsches Geschlechterbuch, his family withdrew from the estate already around 1937.<ref>Kurt Winckelsesser, Heinz Ritt, [[Joachim Wüstenberg]]: ''Pommersches Geschlechterbuch. 1971''. In: Bernhard Koerner, Edmund Strutz, Marianne Strutz-Ködel, Friedrich Wilhelm Euler (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Geschlechterbuch. Genealogisches Handbuch der Bürgerlichen Familien''. Achter Band. 145 der Gesamtreihe, Wüstenberg. C. A. Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1971, pp. 400–402 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=YsPTDwAAQBAJ&dq=Kloster+Hiddensee+1939+Paul+W%C3%BCstenberg&pg=PA401 google.de] [Retrieved 2022-04-23]).</ref> He was succeeded by [[Rüdiger von Hagen]], brother of [[Albrecht von Hagen]], who later became a short-time [[curator]] of the University of Greifswald.<ref>[[Siegfried von Boehn]], Wolfgang von Loebell: ''Die Zöglinge der [[:de:Ritterakademie (Brandenburg an der Havel)|Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg]] a. H. Teil. Fortsetzung und Ergänzung 2., 1914 - 1945. Mit einer Gedenktafel der Opfer des 2. Weltkrieges''. Hrsg.: Karl von Oppen, [[Otto Graf Lambsdorff]], Gerhard Hannemann. Zöglingsnummer 1944 Rüdiger von Hagen. Gerhard Heinrigs, Köln 1971, [[:de:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek|DNB]] [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?referrer=Wikipedia&method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D720252679 720252679], pp. 102–318.</ref> The family of Paul Wüstenberg was the tenant of the 239 ha town estate.

At the end of the 1930s, bunkers and [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] weapons were built at Enddorn for air defense during World War II, as well as a jetty at Schwedenhagen for material transport. The bunkers were blown up by the Soviet Army in 1945 (the debris was not removed until the 2000s) and the jetty was developed by [[VEB Erdöl-Erdgas Grimmen]] for experimental oil drilling in the 1960s. The pier was subsequently used, from 1974, by a [[Pusher configuration|pusher]] for island supply and demolished in 2010.