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== Bibliography == === Ancient works === *[[Procopius]], ''History of the Wars''. === Modern works === * {{The History of al-Tabari | volume = 5}} * {{cite book | last = Axworthy | first = Michael | author-link = Michael Axworthy | title = A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind | year = 2008 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | pages = 1–368| isbn = 978-0-465-00888-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Bonner | first = Michael | title = The Last Empire of Iran | year = 2020 | publisher = Gorgias Press | location = New York | pages = 1–406 | isbn = 978-1463206161 }} * {{cite book | title = Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices | year = 2001 | publisher = Psychology Press | last = Boyce | first = Mary | author-link = Mary Boyce | pages = 1–252 | isbn = 9780415239028 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a6gbxVfjtUEC&q=false }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Kermanshah iv. History to 1953 | last = Calmard | first = Jean | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kermanshah-04-history-to-1953 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 3 | pages = 319–324 | year = 1988 }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Albania | last = Chaumont | first = M. L. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/albania-iranian-aran-arm | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8 | pages = 806–810 | year = 1985 }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Balāš, Sasanian king of kings | last1 = Chaumont| first1 = M. L. | first2 = K. | last2 = Schippmann | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balas-proper-name#Sasanianking | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6 | pages = 574–580 | year = 1988 }} * {{cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |author-link= Patricia Crone |year=1991 |title=Kavād's Heresy and Mazdak's Revolt |journal=Iran |volume=29 |pages=21–42 |doi= 10.2307/4299846|jstor=4299846 }} {{Registration required}} * {{cite book|last1=Curtis|first1=Vesta Sarkhosh|last2=Stewart|first2=Sarah|title=The Rise of Islam: The Idea of Iran Vol 4.|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2009|isbn=978-1845116910|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsqJDwAAQBAJ}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Šāpur II | last = Daryaee | first = Touraj | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shapur-ii | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2009 }} * {{cite book | title = Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire | year = 2014 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Daryaee| first = Touraj | author-link = Touraj Daryaee | pages = 1–240 | isbn = 978-0857716668 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LU0BAwAAQBAJ }} * {{cite book |first1=Touraj |last1=Daryaee|first2=Khodadad|last2=Rezakhani|title=From Oxus to Euphrates: The World of Late Antique Iran |date=2016 |publisher=H&S Media |pages=1–126|isbn=9781780835778|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYnMCwAAQBAJ}} * {{cite book |first1=Touraj |last1=Daryaee|first2=Khodadad|last2=Rezakhani|editor1-last=Daryaee |editor1-first=Touraj |title=King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE) |date=2017 |publisher=UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies |chapter=The Sasanian Empire|pages=1–236|isbn=9780692864401|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ}} * {{ODLA|last1=Daryaee|first1=Touraj|last2=Canepa|first2=Matthew|title=Mazdak|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-3092}} * {{ODLA|last1=Daryaee|first1=Touraj|last2=Nicholson|first2=Oliver|title=Qobad I (MP Kawād)|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-3941}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Yazdegerd II | last = Daryaee | first = Touraj | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazdgerd-ii | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica }} * {{Cite web |last=Dehkhoda |first=Ali-Akbar |author-link=Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda |date=2020 |title=Qobād |script-title=fa:قباد |url=https://dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir/en/dictionary/detail/243705?title=%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF |access-date=16 February 2025 |website=Dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir |publisher=[[Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute|Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute and International Center for Persian Studies]]|language=fa}} * {{Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3a|last=Frye|first=R. N.|chapter=The political history of Iran under the Sasanians}} * {{cite book | title = The History of Ancient Iran | year = 1984 | publisher = C.H.Beck | last = Frye | first = Richard Nelson | author-link = Richard Nelson Frye | pages = [https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye/page/n20 1]–411 | isbn = 9783406093975 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye | url-access = registration | quote = false. }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Apzut Kawāt wall | last = Gadjiev| first = Murtazali | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/apzut-kawat-wall | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2017a }} * {{cite journal | last = Gadjiev | first = Murtazali |author-link= | title = Construction Activities of Kavād I in Caucasian Albania | journal = Iran and the Caucasus | year = 2017b | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–131 | url = https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/21/2/article-p121_2.xml | publisher = Brill |doi = 10.1163/1573384X-20170202| url-access = subscription }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Arrajān | last = Gaube | first = H. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arrajan-medieval-city-and-province-in-southwestern-iran-between-kuzestan-and-fars | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 519–520 | year = 1986 }} *{{cite book|last1=Greatrex|first1=Geoffrey|last2=Lieu|first2=Samuel N. C.|title=The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)|year=2002|location=New York, New York and London, United Kingdom|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-14687-9|pages=82–97|chapter=Justinian's First Persian War and the Eternal Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoZIxpQ8A2IC}} * {{cite book |last1=Howard-Johnston|first1=James| author-link1 = James Howard-Johnston |editor1-last=Sarantis |editor1-first=Alexander |editor2-last=Christie |editor2-first=Neil |editor-link2=Neil Christie|title=War and Warfare in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004252578 |chapter=Military Infrastructure in the Roman Provinces North and South of the Armenian Taurus in Late Antiquity}} * {{cite encyclopedia | first = Erich | last = Kettenhofen | title = Darband | encyclopaedia = Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VII | pages = 13–19 | year = 1994 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/darband-i-ancient-city }} * {{cite book|last1=Kia|first1=Mehrdad|title=The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1610693912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&q=false}} * {{PLRE|volume=2}} * {{PLRE|volume=3}} * {{cite book |first1=Scott |last1=McDonough|editor1-last=Arnason|editor1-first=Johann P. |editor2-last=Raaflaub|editor2-first=Kurt A.|title=The Roman Empire in Context: Historical and Comparative Perspectives |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |chapter=The Legs of the Throne: Kings, Elites, and Subjects in Sasanian Iran |pages=290–321|isbn=9781444390186|doi=10.1002/9781444390186.ch13}} * {{cite book |first1=Scott |last1=McDonough |editor1-last=Campbell|editor1-first=Brian |editor2-first=Lawrence A. |editor2-last= Tritle |title=The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=Military and Society in Sasanian Iran|pages=1–783|isbn=9780195304657|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195304657.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195304657-e-31}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Fahraj | last = Langarudi | first = Rezazadeh | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fahraj-1 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2002 }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Meybod | last = Modarres | first = Ali | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/meybod | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica }} * {{cite journal|last1=Miri|first1=Negin|title=Sasanian Pars: Historical Geography and Administrative Organization|journal=Sasanika|date=2012|pages=1–183|url=https://www.academia.edu/27195855|url-access=registration}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book | last = Payne | first = Richard E. | title = A State of Mixture: Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity |publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2015a|isbn=9780520961531|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtjsCQAAQBAJ&q=false | pages = 1–320 }} * {{cite book |last=Payne |first=Richard|title=The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015b |isbn=978-1-107-63388-9 |editor-last=Maas |editor-first=Michael |pages=282–299|chapter=The Reinvention of Iran: The Sasanian Empire and the Huns}} * {{cite book |first1=Daniel T. |last1=Potts|editor1-last=Mass|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Di Cosmo|editor2-first=Nicola|title=Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |chapter=Sasanian Iran and its northeastern frontier |pages=1–538|isbn=9781316146040|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/empires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity/4E63CF99C760BDCF906093F021984D34}} *{{cite book|last=Pourshariati|first=Parvaneh|title=Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran|location=London and New York|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84511-645-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DEBAwAAQBAJ}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Kārin | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karin | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2017 }} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Chinese-Iranian relations i. In Pre-Islamic Times | last = Pulleyblank | first = Edwin G. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chinese-iranian-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. V, Fasc. 4 | pages = 424–431 | year = 1991 }} * {{cite book | title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity | year = 2017 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | pages = 1–256 | isbn = 9781474400305 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&q=false}} *{{cite book|last=Sauer|first=Eberhard|title=Sasanian Persia: Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia|location=London and New York|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2017|isbn=9781474401029|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djRWDwAAQBAJ&q=false|pages=1–336}} * {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kawād I i. Reign|last=Schindel|first=Nikolaus|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kawad-i-reign|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2|pages=136–141|year=2013a}} * {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kawād I ii. Coinage|last=Schindel|first=Nikolaus|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kawad-i|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2|pages=141–143|year=2013b}} * {{cite book |last1=Schindel |first1=Nikolaus |editor-last=Potts|editor-first=Daniel T.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2013c |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199733309 |chapter=Sasanian Coinage}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title = Fīrūz | last = Schippmann | first = Klaus | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/firuz-1 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IX, Fasc. 6 | pages = 631–632 | year = 1999 }} *{{cite encyclopedia | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Shapur | title = Sasanian dynasty | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty | year = 2005 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition }} * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Sundermann|first=W.|encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6|title =Artēštārān sālār|pages=662|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/artestaran-salar-chief-of-the-warriors-a-high-ranking-title-in-sasanian-times-see-artestar-|year=1986}} * {{cite book|last=Shahîd|first=Irfan|author-link=Irfan Shahîd|title=Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume 1, Part 1: Political and Military History|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|year=1995|isbn=978-0-88402-214-5}} * {{cite book |first1=M. Rahim |last1=Shayegan|editor1-last=Potts |editor1-first=Daniel T. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=Sasanian political ideology|pages=1–1021|isbn=9780190668662|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_tRvgAACAAJ}} * {{cite book | last = Spuler | first = Bertold | author-link = | title = Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055 |url = https://brill.com/view/title/26295 | year = 2014 | publisher = Brill | location = | pages = |isbn = 978-90-04-28209-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia|title=Bozorgān|last=Tafazzoli|first=Ahmad|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bozorgan-mpers|encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4|pages=427|publisher=Ahmad Tafazzoli|year=1989}} * {{cite journal |last=Toumanoff|first=Cyril |author-link= Cyril Toumanoff |year=1969 |title=Chronology of the early kings of Iberia|journal=Traditio |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=25 |pages=1–33 |doi= 10.1017/S0362152900010898|jstor=27830864 |s2cid=151472930 }} {{Registration required}} * {{cite book |last=Võõbus |author-link=Arthur Võõbus |first=Arthur |year=1965 |title=History of the School of Nisibis |publisher=Secrétariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium}}
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