Editing Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (section)

==Protecting infrastructure==
The problem of protecting civilian infrastructure from electromagnetic pulse has been intensively studied throughout the European Union, and in particular by the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite report |docket=HC 1552 |publisher=House of Commons Defence Committee |title=Developing Threats: Electro-Magnetic Pulses (EMP) {{!}} Tenth Report of Session 2010–12 |date=2012-02-12 |language=en-gb |df=dmy-all |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmdfence/1552/1552.pdf |access-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318192615/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmdfence/1552/1552.pdf |archive-date=2021-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Extreme Electromagnetics – The Triple Threat to Infrastructure |publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] |date=2013-01-14 |df=dmy-all |url=http://www.theiet.org/communities/electromagnetics/triple-threat/index.cfm |access-date=2022-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628040443/http://www.theiet.org/communities/electromagnetics/triple-threat/index.cfm |archive-date=2013-06-28}}</ref><ref>''Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse: Practical Guide for Protection Critical Infrastructure'' - Lambert Academic Publishing, 2023, 460 p. {{ISBN|978-620-5-63396-0}}</ref>

As of 2017, several [[electric utilities]] in the United States had been involved in a three-year research program on the impact of HEMP to the United States power grid led by an industry non-profit organization, [[Electric Power Research Institute]] (EPRI).<ref>{{cite news |date=2017-09-09 |title=America's utilities prepare for a nuclear threat to the grid |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |language=en |issn=0013-0613 |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2017/09/09/americas-utilities-prepare-for-a-nuclear-threat-to-the-grid |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112063607/https://www.economist.com/business/2017/09/09/americas-utilities-prepare-for-a-nuclear-threat-to-the-grid |archive-date=2021-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Hearing to examine the threat posed by electromagnetic pulse and policy options to protect energy infrastructure and to improve capabilities for adequate system restoration |format=PDF, MP4 |date=2017-05-04 |website=[[United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.energy.senate.gov/hearings/2017/5/hearing-to-examine-the-threat-posed-by-electromagnetic-pulse-and-policy-options-to-protect-energy-infrastructure-and-to-improve-capabilities-for-adequate-system-restoration |access-date=2017-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721113356/https://www.energy.senate.gov/hearings/2017/5/hearing-to-examine-the-threat-posed-by-electromagnetic-pulse-and-policy-options-to-protect-energy-infrastructure-and-to-improve-capabilities-for-adequate-system-restoration |archive-date=2022-07-21}}</ref>

In 2018, the US Department of Homeland Security released the Strategy for Protecting and Preparing the Homeland against Threats from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Geomagnetic Disturbance (GMD), which was the department's first articulation of a holistic, long-term, partnership-based approach to protecting critical infrastructure and preparing to respond and recover from potentially catastrophic electromagnetic incidents.<ref>{{cite press release |date=2022-09-03 |title=DHS Combats Potential Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack |website=[[United States Department of Homeland Security]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/09/03/dhs-combats-potential-electromagnetic-pulse-emp-attack |access-date=2022-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705081707/https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/09/03/dhs-combats-potential-electromagnetic-pulse-emp-attack |archive-date=2022-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Protecting and Preparing the Homeland Against Threats of Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbances |date=2018-10-09 |website=[[United States Department of Homeland Security]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/18_1009_EMP_GMD_Strategy-Non-Embargoed.pdf |access-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804091210/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/18_1009_EMP_GMD_Strategy-Non-Embargoed.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> Progress on that front is described in the EMP Program Status Report.<ref>{{cite report |title=Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Program Status Report |date=2020-08-17 |website=[[United States Department of Homeland Security]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/emp-program-status-report_508.pdf |access-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514235315/https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/emp-program-status-report_508.pdf |archive-date=2022-05-14}}</ref>

NuScale, the small modular nuclear reactor company from Oregon, US, has made their reactor resistant to EMP.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Conca |first1=James |date=2019-01-03 |title=Can Nuclear Power Plants Resist Attacks Of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)? |department=Energy |magazine=[[Forbes]] |language=en-us |issn=0015-6914 |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2019/01/03/can-nuclear-power-plants-resist-attacks-of-electromagnetic-pulse-emp/ |url-access=limited |access-date=2022-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805222823/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2019/01/03/can-nuclear-power-plants-resist-attacks-of-electromagnetic-pulse-emp/ |archive-date=2022-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last1=Palmer |first1=Camille |last2=Baker |first2=George |last3=Gilbert |first3=James |date=2018-11-11 |title=NuScale Plant Resiliency to an Electromagnetic Pulse |conference=[[American Nuclear Society|Transactions of the American Nuclear Society]] |volume=119 |pages=949–952 |via=[[NuScale Power]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.nuscalepower.com/-/media/Nuscale/Files/Technology/Technical-Publications/nuscale-plant-resiliency-to-an-electromagnetic-pulse.ashx |access-date=2022-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218190126/https://www.nuscalepower.com/-/media/Nuscale/Files/Technology/Technical-Publications/nuscale-plant-resiliency-to-an-electromagnetic-pulse.ashx |archive-date=2021-12-18}}</ref>