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Peanuts
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==Licensing== ===Advertising and retail=== [[File:Snoopy Town Yokohama.jpg|thumb|A shop selling Snoopy-related merchandise in Yokohama, Japan. The number of different licensed items is countless.]] The characters from the comic have long been [[license]]d for use on [[merchandise]], the success of the comic strip helping to create a market for such items. In 1958, the Hungerford Plastics Corporation created a set of five [[polyvinyl chloride|vinyl]] dolls of the most famous characters (Charlie Brown, Snoopy, Lucy, Linus, and Schroeder); they expanded this line in 1961 to make the dolls slightly larger and included Sally and Pig-Pen.{{sfn|Kidd|Spear|2015|p=132}} An early example of the characters appearing in promotional material was strips and illustrations drawn by Schulz for the 1955 instructional booklet for the [[Brownie (camera)|Kodak Brownie]] camera, ''The Brownie Book of Picture Taking''.{{sfn|Schulz|Groth|2016|p=35}} Another early campaign was on behalf of [[Ford Motor Company]]; magazine illustrations, brochure illustrations, and animated television spots featuring the characters were used to promote the [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]] from January 1960 into 1964.{{sfn|Schulz|Groth|2016|p=35}} Schulz credited the Ford campaign as the first time where licensing the characters earned "a lot of money". However, he expressed a dislike of illustrating the adverts, describing it as "hard work" and would have preferred to dedicate equivalent effort to drawing the [[Sunday comics|Sunday format]] strips.{{sfn|Inge|2000|p=253}} Some licensing relationships were maintained long-term. Hallmark began printing greetings cards and party goods featuring the characters in 1960.{{sfn|Boxer|2000}} In the late 1960s, [[Sanrio]] held the licensing rights in Japan for Snoopy. Sanrio is best known for [[Hello Kitty]] and its focus on the [[kawaii]] segment of the Japanese market.{{sfn|Gomez|2004}} Beginning in 1985, the characters were made mascots and served as spokespeople for the [[MetLife]] insurance company, with the intention to make the business "more friendly and approachable".{{sfn|Hauser|Maheshwari|2016}} Schulz justified the licensing relationship with MetLife as necessary to financially support his philanthropic work, although refused to openly describe the exact details of the work he was financing.{{sfn|Inge|2000|p=254}} In 2016, the 31-year licensing relationship with MetLife ended.{{sfn|Hauser|Maheshwari|2016}} The relationship resumed in 2023 with Snoopy returning as a mascot for pet insurance.<ref name="ml2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.metlife.com/about-us/newsroom/2023/january/metlife-pet-insurance-has-a-new-top-dog--snoopy/ |title=MetLife Insurance Has a New Top Dog: Snoopy |date=2023-01-13 |accessdate=2024-01-20 |language=en-US |publisher=[[MetLife]]}}</ref> In 1999, it was estimated that there were 20,000 different new products each year adorning a variety of licensed items, such as: clothing, plush toys of Snoopy, [[vacuum flask|Thermos bottle]]s, lunch boxes, picture frames, and music boxes.{{sfn|Boxer|2000}} The familiarity of the characters also proved lucrative for advertising material in both print and television,{{sfn|Elliott|2000}} appearing on products such as [[Dolly Madison]] snack cakes, [[Chex Mix]] snacks, [[Bounty (brand)|Bounty]] paper towels, [[Kraft Foods|Kraft]] macaroni cheese and [[A&W Root Beer]].{{sfn|Bankston|2000}} The sheer extent to which the characters are used in licensed material is a subject of criticism against Schulz. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' pointed out that "some critics [say] Schulz was distracted by marketing demands, and his characters had become caricatures of themselves by shilling for Metropolitan Life Insurance, Dolly Madison cupcakes and others."{{sfn|Tawa|2000}} Schulz reasoned that his approach to licensing was in fact modest, stating "our [licensing] program is built upon characters who are figuratively alive" and "we're not simply stamping these characters out on the sides of products just to sell products" while also adding "Snoopy is so versatile he just seems to be able to fit into any role and it just works. It's not that we're out to clutter the market with products. In fact anyone saying we're overdoing it is way off base because actually we are underdoing it".{{sfn|Inge|2000|p=103}} ===Games=== The Peanuts characters have appeared in several video games, such as ''Snoopy'' in 1984 by [[Radarsoft]], ''Snoopy: The Cool Computer Game'' by [[Edge Games|The Edge]], ''Snoopy and the Red Baron'' for the [[Atari 2600]], ''[[Snoopy's Silly Sports Spectacular]]'' (1989, [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]), ''[[Snoopy's Magic Show]]'' (1990, [[Game Boy]]), ''[[Snoopy Tennis]]'' (2001, [[Game Boy Color]]), ''[[Snoopy Concert]]'' which was released in 1995 and sold to the Japanese market for the [[Super NES]], and in October 2006, a second game titled ''[[Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)|Snoopy vs. The Red Baron]]'' by [[Namco Bandai]] for the PlayStation 2. In July 2007, the Peanuts characters appeared in the ''Snoopy the Flying Ace'' mobile phone game by Namco Networks. In November 2015, ''Snoopy's Town Tale'' was launched for mobile by [[Pixowl]], featuring the entire Peanuts gang along with Snoopy and Charlie Brown. In 1980 (with a new edition published in 1990), the [[Funk & Wagnalls]] publishing house also produced a children's encyclopedia called the ''Charlie Brown's 'Cyclopedia''. The 15-volume set features many of the Peanuts characters. In April 2002, [[List of licensed and localized editions of Monopoly: USA#P|The Peanuts Collectors Edition Monopoly]] board game was released by USAopoly. The game was created by Justin Gage, a friend of Charles and Jeannie Schulz. Gage dedicated the game to Schulz in memory of his passing. ===Amusement parks=== [[File:Snoopy_Bounce_at_Cedar_Point_Camp_Snoopy_entrance_(1572).jpg|thumb|Camp Snoopy, at Cedar Point]] In 1983, [[Knott's Berry Farm]], in Southern California, was the first theme park to license the ''Peanuts'' characters, creating the first [[Camp Snoopy]] area and making Snoopy the park's mascot. Knott's expanded its operation in 1992 by building an indoor amusement park in the [[Mall of America]], called ''[[Nickelodeon Universe|Knott's Camp Snoopy]]''. The Knott's theme parks were acquired by the national amusement park chain [[Cedar Fair|Cedar Fair LP]] in 1997, which continued to operate ''Knott's Camp Snoopy'' park until the mall took over its operation in March 2005.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mall of America strikes deal with Nickelodeon for theme park |url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2007-03-06-mall-of-america-nickelodeon_N.htm |access-date=October 12, 2007 | date=March 7, 2007 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Cedar Fair had already licensed the ''Peanuts'' characters for use in 1992 as an atmosphere,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Munarriz |first=Rick Aristotle |title=Is Pixar Worth $7 Billion to Disney? |date=January 24, 2006 |url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2006/01/24/is-pixar-worth-7-billion-to-disney.aspx |access-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> so its acquisition of Knott's Berry Farm did not alter the use of those characters. In 2024, Cedar Fair merged with [[Six Flags (1961–2024)|Six Flags]], resulting in the latter inheriting the Peanuts characters license. Snoopy is currently one of the official mascots of the [[Six Flags]] parks, primarily in the former Cedar Fair operated areas. It was previously used in all of the park logos but it has since been removed. Before 2011, Cedar Fair also operated a Camp Snoopy area at [[Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom]], [[Worlds of Fun]], and [[Valleyfair]] featuring various ''Peanuts''-themed attractions. There is still a Camp Snoopy area at [[Cedar Point]], [[Carowinds]], [[Kings Island]], Knott's Berry Farm and [[Michigan's Adventure]]. In 2008, [[Cedar Point]] introduced [[Planet Snoopy]], a children's area where Peanuts Playground used to be. This area consists of family and children's rides relocated from Cedar Point's sister park [[Geauga Lake]] after its closing. The rides are inspired by Peanuts characters. In 2010, the [[Nickelodeon Central]] and [[Nickelodeon Universe]] areas in the former [[Paramount Parks]] ([[California's Great America]], [[Canada's Wonderland]], [[Carowinds]], [[Kings Dominion]], and [[Kings Island]]) were replaced by [[Planet Snoopy]]. In 2011, Cedar Fair announced it would also add Planet Snoopy to [[Valleyfair]], [[Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom]], and [[Worlds of Fun]], replacing the Camp Snoopy areas. ″Carowinds″ Planet Snoopy was rethemed to Camp Snoopy. Also, the ''Peanuts'' characters can be found at [[Universal Studios Japan]] in the Universal Wonderland section along with the characters from ''[[Sesame Street]]'' and ''[[Hello Kitty]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/universal-studios-japan/ |title=Charles M. Schulz MuseumVisiting Universal Studios Japan – Charles M. Schulz Museum |publisher=Schulzmuseum.org |date=October 30, 2013 |access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> and in the Snoopy's World in Hong Kong. ===Exhibition=== An exhibition titled ''Good Grief, Charlie Brown! Celebrating Snoopy and the Enduring Power of Peanuts'' opened at [[Somerset House]] in London on 25 October 2018, running until 3 March 2019. The exhibition brought together [[Charles M. Schulz]]'s original Peanuts cartoons with work from a wide range of acclaimed contemporary artists and designers who have been inspired by the cartoon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somersethouse.org.uk/whats-on/good-grief-charlie-brown|title=Good Grief, Charlie Brown!|date=May 29, 2018|publisher=Somerset House Trust|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> There is a trail called A Dog's Trail Across [[Cardiff]], [[Caerphilly]] and [[Porthcawl]]. The trail features [[Snoopy]] from Peanuts.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/family-kids-news/snoopy-trail-ended-heres-how-24162398 | title=The Snoopy trail has ended but here's how you can see them all in one place | date=June 7, 2022 }}</ref>
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