Editing Python (programming language) (section)

==Types of Use==
{{Main|List of Python software}}
[[File:Python Powered.png|thumb|Software that is powered by Python]]

Python has many uses, including the following:

* [[Scripting language|Scripting]] for [[web application]]s
* Scientific computing
* [[Artificial intelligence|Artificial-intelligence]] and [[Machine learning|machine-learning]] projects
* [[Graphical user interface|Graphical user interfaces]] and [[Desktop environment|desktop environments]]
* Embedded scripting in software and hardware products
* Operating systems
* [[Information security]]

Python can serve as a scripting language for web applications, e.g., via the {{Not a typo|[[mod_wsgi]]}} module for the [[Apache webserver|Apache web server]].<ref name="AutoNT-35" /> With [[Web Server Gateway Interface]], a standard API has evolved to facilitate these applications. [[Web framework]]s such as [[Django (web framework)|Django]], [[Pylons (web framework)|Pylons]], [[Pyramid (web framework)|Pyramid]], [[TurboGears]], [[web2py]], [[Tornado (web server)|Tornado]], [[Flask (web framework)|Flask]], Bottle, and [[Zope]] support developers in the design and maintenance of complex applications. Pyjs and [[IronPython]] can be used to develop the client-side of Ajax-based applications. [[SQLAlchemy]] can be used as a [[Data mapper pattern|data mapper]] to a relational database. [[Twisted (software)|Twisted]] is a framework to program communication between computers; this framework is used by [[Dropbox]], for example.

Libraries such as [[NumPy]], [[SciPy]] and [[Matplotlib]] allow the effective use of Python in scientific computing,<ref name="cise">{{cite journal |last=Oliphant |first=Travis |title=Python for Scientific Computing |journal=Computing in Science and Engineering |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=10–20 |year=2007 |url=https://www.h2desk.com/blog/python-scientific-computing/ |doi=10.1109/MCSE.2007.58 |citeseerx=10.1.1.474.6460 |bibcode=2007CSE.....9c..10O |s2cid=206457124 |access-date=10 April 2015 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615193226/https://www.h2desk.com/blog/python-scientific-computing/ |url-status=live| issn=1521-9615 }}</ref><ref name="millman">{{cite journal |first1=K. Jarrod |last1=Millman |first2=Michael |last2=Aivazis |title=Python for Scientists and Engineers |journal=Computing in Science and Engineering |volume=13 |number=2 |pages=9–12 |year=2011 |url=http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/cs/2011/02/mcs2011020009.html |doi=10.1109/MCSE.2011.36 |bibcode=2011CSE....13b...9M |access-date=7 July 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219031439/https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/cs/2011/02/mcs2011020009.html |url-status=live}}</ref> with specialized libraries such as [[Biopython]] and [[Astropy]] providing domain-specific functionality. [[SageMath]] is a [[computer algebra system]] with a [[notebook interface]] that is programmable in Python; the SageMath library covers many aspects of [[mathematics]], including [[algebra]], [[combinatorics]], [[numerical mathematics]], [[number theory]], and [[calculus]].<ref name="ICSE" >{{Citation|title=Science education with SageMath|url=http://visual.icse.us.edu.pl/methodology/why_Sage.html|publisher=Innovative Computing in Science Education|access-date=22 April 2019|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615180428/http://visual.icse.us.edu.pl/methodology/why_Sage.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[OpenCV]] has Python bindings with a rich set of features for [[computer vision]] and [[image processing]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=OpenCV: OpenCV-Python Tutorials|url=https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.9/d6/d00/tutorial_py_root.html|access-date=2020-09-14|website=docs.opencv.org|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923063145/https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.9/d6/d00/tutorial_py_root.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Python is commonly used in artificial-intelligence and machine-learning projects, with support from libraries such as [[TensorFlow]], [[Keras]], [[Pytorch]], [[scikit-learn]] and [[ProbLog]] (a logic language).<ref name="whitepaper2015">{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Jeff |last2=Monga |first2=Rajat |first3=Sanjay |last3=Ghemawat |display-authors=2 |author-link1=Jeff Dean (computer scientist) |title=TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems |url=http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf |website=TensorFlow.org |publisher=Google Research |access-date=10 November 2015 |date=9 November 2015 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120004649/http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Piatetsky |first1=Gregory |title=Python eats away at R: Top Software for Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning in 2018: Trends and Analysis |url=https://www.kdnuggets.com/2018/05/poll-tools-analytics-data-science-machine-learning-results.html/2 |website=KDnuggets |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115234216/https://www.kdnuggets.com/2018/05/poll-tools-analytics-data-science-machine-learning-results.html/2 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scikit-learn.org/stable/testimonials/testimonials.html|title=Who is using scikit-learn? – scikit-learn 0.20.1 documentation|website=scikit-learn.org|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506210716/https://scikit-learn.org/stable/testimonials/testimonials.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-link1=Norman Jouppi |last1=Jouppi |first1=Norm |title=Google supercharges machine learning tasks with TPU custom chip |url=https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2016/05/Google-supercharges-machine-learning-tasks-with-custom-chip.html |website=Google Cloud Platform Blog |access-date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518201516/https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2016/05/Google-supercharges-machine-learning-tasks-with-custom-chip.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ProbLogConcepts">{{cite journal |last1=De Raedt |first1=Luc |last2=Kimmig|first2=Angelika |title=Probabilistic (logic) programming concepts |journal=Machine Learning |date=2015 |volume=100 |number=1 |pages=5–47 |doi=10.1007/s10994-015-5494-z |s2cid=3166992 |doi-access=free}}</ref> As a scripting language with a [[modular programming|modular architecture]], simple syntax, and rich text processing tools, Python is often used for [[natural language processing]].<ref name="AutoNT-47"/>

The combination of Python and [[Prolog]] has proven useful for AI applications, with Prolog providing knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. The Janus system, in particular, exploits similarities between these two languages, in part because of their dynamic typing and their simple, recursive data structures. This combination is typically applied natural language processing, visual query answering, geospatial reasoning, and handling semantic web data.<ref>Andersen, C. and Swift, T., 2023. The Janus System: a bridge to new prolog applications. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 93–104). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWI-Prolog Python interface |url=https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/doc_for?object=section(%27packages/janus.html%27) |access-date=2024-03-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315162046/https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/doc_for?object=section%28%27packages%2Fjanus.html%27%29 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Natlog system, implemented in Python, uses [[Definite clause grammar|Definite Clause Grammars]] (DCGs) to create prompts for two types of generators: text-to-text generators such as GPT3, and text-to-image generators such as DALL-E or Stable Diffusion.<ref>Tarau, P., 2023. Reflections on automation, learnability and expressiveness in logic-based programming languages. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 359–371). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.</ref>

Python can be used for graphical user interfaces (GUIs), by using libraries such as [[Tkinter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html |title=Tkinter — Python interface to TCL/Tk |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018043136/http://docs.python.org/library/tkinter.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, for the [[One Laptop per Child]] XO computer, most of the [[Sugar (software)|Sugar]] desktop environment is written in Python (as of 2008).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-tkinter-tutorial/ |title=Python Tkinter Tutorial |date=3 June 2020 |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609031631/https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-tkinter-tutorial/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Python is embedded in many software products (and some hardware products) as a scripting language. These products include the following: 

* [[finite element method]] software such as [[Abaqus]],
* 3D parametric modelers such as [[FreeCAD]], 
* 3D animation packages such as [[3ds Max]], [[Blender (software)|Blender]], [[Cinema 4D]], [[LightWave 3D|Lightwave]], [[Houdini (software)|Houdini]], [[Maya (software)|Maya]], [[modo (software)|modo]], [[MotionBuilder]], [[Autodesk Softimage|Softimage]], 
* the visual effects compositor [[Nuke (software)|Nuke]], 
* 2D imaging programs such as [[GIMP]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gimp-win.sourceforge.net/faq.html |title=Installers for GIMP for Windows – Frequently Asked Questions |author=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |date=26 July 2013 |access-date=26 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717070814/http://gimp-win.sourceforge.net/faq.html |archive-date=17 July 2013}}</ref> [[Inkscape]], [[Scribus]] and [[Paint Shop Pro]],<ref name="AutoNT-38" /> and 
* [[musical notation]] programs such as [[scorewriter]] and [[Capella (notation program)|capella]]. 

Similarly, [[GNU Debugger]] uses Python as a [[pretty printer]] to show complex structures such as C++ containers. [[Esri]] promotes Python as the best choice for writing scripts in [[ArcGIS]].<ref name="AutoNT-39" /> Python has also been used in several video games,<ref name="AutoNT-40" /><ref name="AutoNT-41" /> and it has been adopted as first of the three [[programming language]]s available in [[Google App Engine]] (the other two being [[Java (software platform)|Java]] and [[Go (programming language)|Go]]).<ref name="AutoNT-42" /> [[LibreOffice]] includes Python, and its developers plan to replace Java with Python; LibreOffice's Python Scripting Provider is a core feature<ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=4.0 New Features and Fixes |url=http://www.libreoffice.org/download/4-0-new-features-and-fixes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209184807/http://www.libreoffice.org/download/4-0-new-features-and-fixes/ |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2013 |work=LibreOffice.org |publisher=[[The Document Foundation]]}}</ref> since version 4.0 (from 7 February 2013). 

Among hardware products, the [[Raspberry Pi]] [[single-board computer]] project has adopted Python as its main user-programming language.

Many operating systems include Python as a standard component. Python ships with most [[Linux distribution]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.python.org/3/using/unix.html|title=Python Setup and Usage|publisher=Python Software Foundation|access-date=10 January 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617143505/https://docs.python.org/3/using/unix.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[AmigaOS 4]] (using Python&nbsp;2.7), [[FreeBSD]] (as a package), [[NetBSD]], and [[OpenBSD]] (as a package); it can be used from the command line (terminal). Many Linux distributions use installers written in Python: [[Ubuntu]] uses the [[Ubiquity (software)|Ubiquity]] installer, while [[Red Hat Linux]] and [[Fedora Linux]] use the [[Anaconda (installer)|Anaconda]] installer. [[Gentoo Linux]] uses Python in its [[package management system]], [[Portage (software)|Portage]].<ref name="AutoNT-51" />

Python is used extensively in the information security industry, including in exploit development.<ref name="AutoNT-49" /><ref name="AutoNT-50" />