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Three-age system
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== Three-age system resumptive table == {{unreferenced section|date=January 2016}} {{Stacked bar |T1=Stone Age |A1=2700 |T2=Bronze Age |A2=2100 |T3=Iron Age |A3=650 |Total=5450 }} {| class="wikitable" ! width="5%" | Age ! width="10%" | Period ! width="17%" | Tools ! width="12%" | Economy ! width="15%" | Dwelling sites ! width="10%" | Society ! width="10%" | Religion |- | rowspan=3| [[Stone Age]]<br />{{small|(3.4 mya β 2000 BC)}} | [[Paleolithic]] | Handmade tools and objects found in nature β [[cudgel]], [[club (weapon)|club]], sharpened stone, [[chopper (archaeology)|chopper]], [[handaxe]], [[scraper (archaeology)|scraper]], [[spear]], [[harpoon]], [[Sewing needle|needle]], [[scratch awl]]. In general [[stone tool]]s of Modes IβIV. | [[Hunting and gathering]] | Mobile lifestyle β caves, [[huts]], tusk/bone or skin [[wikt:hovel|hovels]], mostly by rivers and lakes<br /> | A [[Band society|band]] of edible-plant gatherers and hunters (25β100 people) | rowspan=2| Evidence for belief in the afterlife first appears in the [[Upper Palaeolithic]], marked by the appearance of burial rituals and [[ancestor worship]]. [[Shaman]]s, priests and [[sanctuary]] [[servant]]s appear in the [[prehistory]]. |- | [[Mesolithic]] (also called [[epipalaeolithic]]) | Mode V tools employed in composite devices β [[harpoon]], [[bow (weapon)|bow]] and [[arrow]]. Other devices such as [[fishing basket]]s, boats | Intensive hunting and gathering, porting of wild animals and seeds of wild plants for domestic use and planting | Temporary villages at opportune locations for economic activities | [[Tribe]]s and bands |- | [[Neolithic]] | Polished stone tools, devices useful in subsistence farming and defense β [[chisel]], [[Hoe (tool)|hoe]], [[plough]], [[yoke]], [[reaping-hook]], grain pourer, [[loom]], [[earthenware]] ([[pottery]]) and [[weapon]]s | [[Neolithic Revolution]] β [[domestication]] of plants and animals used in agriculture and herding, supplementary [[Hunter-gatherer|gathering]], hunting, and fishing. Warfare. | Permanent settlements varying in size from villages to walled cities, public works. | Tribes and formation of [[chiefdoms]] in some Neolithic societies the end of the period | [[Polytheism]], sometimes presided over by the [[mother goddess]], [[shamanism]] |- | rowspan=2|[[Bronze Age]]<br />{{small|(3300 β 1200 BC)}} | [[Copper Age]]<br />([[Chalcolithic]]) | Copper tools, [[potter's wheel]] | rowspan=2| Civilization, including [[craft]], trade | rowspan=2| Urban centers surrounded by politically attached communities | rowspan=2| City-[[State (polity)|states]]* | rowspan=2|Ethnic gods, state religion |- | [[Bronze Age]] | Bronze tools |- | colspan=2|[[Iron Age]]<br />{{small|(1200 β 550 BC)}} | [[Iron (material)|Iron tools]] | Includes trade and much specialization; often taxes | Includes towns or even large cities, connected by roads | Large tribes, kingdoms, empires | One or more religions sanctioned by the state |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Formation of states starts during the Early Bronze Age in Egypt and Mesopotamia and during the Late Bronze Age first empires are founded.
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