Editing Traffic congestion (section)

===Indonesia===
[[File:BNN Temporary Transjakarta Stop at Rush Hour, 2023.jpg|thumb|Traffic congestion in [[Jakarta]], [[West Java]]]]
According to a 2015 study by motor oil company [[Castrol]], [[Jakarta]] is found to be the worst city in the world for traffic congestion. Relying on information from [[TomTom]] navigation devices in 78 countries, the index found that drivers are stopping and starting their cars 33,240 times per year on the road. After Jakarta, the worst cities for traffic are [[Istanbul]], [[Mexico City]], [[Surabaya]], and [[St. Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pantazi |first=Chloe |date=February 2, 2015 |title=The Worst Traffic In The World Is In... |url=https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/city-with-worst-traffic-jakarta-indonesia-tops-castrol-s-ranking-of-cities-with-most-stop-starts |newspaper=Thrillist |access-date=June 12, 2016 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816111355/https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/city-with-worst-traffic-jakarta-indonesia-tops-castrol-s-ranking-of-cities-with-most-stop-starts |url-status=live }}</ref>

Daily congestion in Jakarta is not a recent problem. The expansion of commercial area without [[road expansion]] shows worsening daily congestion even in main roads such as [[Jalan Jenderal Sudirman]], [[Jalan M.H. Thamrin]], and [[Jalan Gajah Mada and Jalan Hayam Wuruk|Jalan Gajah Mada]] in the mid-1970s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Merrillees |first=Scott |date=2015 |title=Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akLWjgEACAAJ&q=JAKARTA:+Portraits+of+a+Capital+1950-1980 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Equinox Publishing |isbn=9786028397308 |pages=116–7 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=March 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330012722/https://books.google.com/books?id=akLWjgEACAAJ&q=JAKARTA%3A+Portraits+of+a+Capital+1950-1980 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, 22 people died as a result of traffic congestion in Java. They were among those stuck in a three-day traffic jam at a [[Toll road|toll]] exit in [[Brebes Regency|Brebes]], [[Central Java]] called [[Brebes Exit]] or 'Brexit'. The traffic block stretched for 21&nbsp;km here and thousands of cars clogged the highway. Many people died because of carbon monoxide poisoning, fatigue or heat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Twelve people die in traffic jam in Indonesia at junction called 'Brexit'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/08/indonesia-traffic-jam-deaths-java-brebes-brexit-junction|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=July 8, 2016|newspaper=[[The Guardian (newspaper)|The Guardian]]|access-date=July 9, 2016|archive-date=July 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709002700/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/08/indonesia-traffic-jam-deaths-java-brebes-brexit-junction|url-status=live }}</ref>