Editing Visual system (section)

==History==
In the second half of the 19th century, many motifs of the nervous system were identified such as the neuron doctrine and brain localization, which related to the [[neuron]] being the basic unit of the nervous system and functional localisation in the brain, respectively. These would become tenets of the fledgling [[neuroscience]] and would support further understanding of the visual system.

The notion that the [[cerebral cortex]] is divided into functionally distinct cortices now known to be responsible for capacities such as [[touch]] ([[somatosensory cortex]]), [[Motion (physics)|movement]] ([[motor cortex]]), and vision ([[visual cortex]]), was first proposed by [[Franz Joseph Gall]] in 1810.<ref name="Gross, 1994">{{cite journal |author=Gross CG |title=How inferior temporal cortex became a visual area |journal=Cereb. Cortex |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=455–69 |year=1994 |pmid=7833649 |doi=10.1093/cercor/4.5.455 }}</ref> Evidence for functionally distinct areas of the brain (and, specifically, of the cerebral cortex) mounted throughout the 19th century with discoveries by [[Paul Broca]] of the [[language center]] (1861), and [[Gustav Fritsch]] and [[Eduard Hitzig]] of the motor cortex (1871).<ref name="Gross, 1994"/><ref name="Schiller, 1986">{{cite journal |author=Schiller PH |title=The central visual system |journal=Vision Res. |volume=26 |issue=9 |pages=1351–86 |year=1986 |pmid=3303663 |doi=10.1016/0042-6989(86)90162-8 |s2cid=5247746 |issn=0042-6989 }}</ref> Based on selective damage to parts of the brain and the functional effects of the resulting [[lesion]]s, [[David Ferrier]] proposed that visual function was localized to the [[parietal lobe]] of the brain in 1876.<ref name="Schiller, 1986"/> In 1881, [[Hermann Munk]] more accurately located vision in the [[occipital lobe]], where the [[primary visual cortex]] is now known to be.<ref name="Schiller, 1986"/>

In 2014, a textbook "Understanding vision: theory, models, and data" <ref name=":1" /> illustrates how to link neurobiological data and visual behavior/psychological data through theoretical principles and computational models.