Editing Behavioral ecology (section)

====Polyandry threshold====
There also seems to be a "polyandry threshold" where males may do better by agreeing to share a female instead of maintaining a monogamous mating system.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gowaty | first1 = P.A. | year = 1981 | title = An extension of the Orians-Verner-Willson model to account for mating systems besides polygyny | journal = American Naturalist | volume = 118 | issue = 6| pages = 851–859 | doi=10.1086/283875| s2cid = 83991131 }}</ref> Situations that may lead to cooperation among males include when food is scarce, and when there is intense competition for territories or females. For example, male [[lion]]s sometimes form coalitions to gain control of a pride of females. In some populations of [[Galapagos hawks]], groups of males would cooperate to defend one breeding territory. The males would share matings with the female and share paternity with the offspring.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Faaborg | first1 = J. | last2 = Parker | first2 = P.G. | last3 = DeLay | first3 = L. | year = 1995 | title = Confirmation of cooperative polyandry in the Galapagos hawk Buteo galapagoensis | journal = Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | volume = 36 | issue = 2| pages = 83–90 | doi=10.1007/bf00170712| s2cid = 3334592 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>