Editing Caesarean section (section)

===United States===
In the United States, cesarean deliveries began rising in the 1960s and started becoming routine in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=":53" />{{Rp|page=101}}

In the United States, the rate of C-sections is around 33%, varying from 23% to 40% depending on the state.<ref name="ACOG2014" /> One of three women who gave birth in the US delivered by caesarean in 2011. In 2012, close to 23 million C-sections were carried out globally.<ref name="Mol2015" />

With nearly 1.3 million stays, caesarean section was one of the most common procedures performed in U.S. hospitals in 2011. It was the second-most common procedure performed for people ages 18 to 44 years old.<ref>Pfuntner A., Wier L.M., Stocks C. Most Frequent Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2011. HCUP Statistical Brief #165. October 2013. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. {{cite web |url=http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb165.jsp |title=Most Frequent Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2011 – Statistical Brief #165 |access-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024180807/http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb165.jsp |archive-date=24 October 2013  }}.</ref> Caesarean rates in the U.S. have risen considerably since 1996.<ref name="cdc">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_12.pdf |title=Births: Preliminary Data for 2007 |publisher=[[National Center for Health Statistics]] |access-date=23 November 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821102537/http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_12.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2013  }}</ref> The rate has increased in the United States, to 33% of all births in 2012, up from 21% in 1996.<ref name="ACOG2014" /> In 2010, the caesarean delivery rate was 32.8% of all births (a slight decrease from 2009's high of 32.9% of all births).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_01.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports |access-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720102442/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_01.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2017}}</ref> A study found that in 2011, women covered by private insurance were 11% more likely to have a caesarean section delivery than those covered by Medicaid.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore JE, Witt WP, Elixhauser A | title = Complicating Conditions Associate With Childbirth, by Delivery Method and Payer, 2011. | journal =HCUP Statistical Brief |issue=173 | publisher = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | location = Rockville, MD | date = April 2014 | url = https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb173-Childbirth-Delivery-Complications.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142859/https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb173-Childbirth-Delivery-Complications.jsp | archive-date = 14 July 2014 | df = dmy-all | access-date = 6 June 2014 }}</ref> The increase in use has not resulted in improved outcomes, resulting in the position that C-sections may be done too frequently.<ref name=ACOG2014/>  It is believed that the high rate of induced deliveries has also led to the high rate of c-sections because they are twice as likely to lead to one.<ref name="npr.org">{{cite web | vauthors = Hensley S |title=C-Sections And The Profit Motive In California |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2010/09/13/129826908/c-sections-and-the-profit-motive |website=NPR |date=13 September 2010 |access-date=November 25, 2022}}</ref>

Hospitals and doctors make more money from C-section births than vaginal deliveries. Economists have calculated that hospitals may make a few thousand dollars more and doctors a few hundred. It has been found that for-profit hospitals do more c-sections than non-profit hospitals.<ref name="npr.org"/> One study looked at the rate of c-sections done for women who were themselves doctors.  It found that there was a 10 percent decrease in the rate of c-sections vs the general population.  But if the hospital paid their doctors a flat salary removing the incentive to do the surgical procedures, which take more time, the rate of c-sections done on women who were themselves physicians exceeded that of the procedure done on non-medically knowledgeable mothers, suggesting that some women who needed c-sections were not getting them.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Vedantam S |title=Money May Be Motivating Doctors To Do More C-Sections |url=https://health.wusf.usf.edu/npr-health/2013-08-30/money-may-be-motivating-doctors-to-do-more-c-sections |website=NPR |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=November 25, 2022}}</ref>

Concerned over the rising number of cesarean deliveries and hospital costs, in 2009 [[Minnesota]] introduced a blended payment rate for either vaginal or cesarean uncomplicated births (i.e., a similar payment regardless of delivery mode).  As a result, the prepolicy cesarean rate of 22.8% dropped by 3.24 percentage points. The cost of childbirth hospitalizations in Minnesota dropped by $425.80 at the time the policy was initiated and continued to drop by $95.04 per quarter with no significant effects on maternal morbidity.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kozhimannil KB, Graves AJ, Ecklund AM, Shah N, Aggarwal R, Snowden JM | title = Cesarean Delivery Rates and Costs of Childbirth in a State Medicaid Program After Implementation of a Blended Payment Policy | journal = Medical Care | volume = 56 | issue = 8 | pages = 658–664 | date = August 2018 | pmid = 29912840 | doi = 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000937 | s2cid = 49305610 }}</ref>

The rise of cesarean births in the United States has coincided with counter-movements emphasizing [[natural childbirth]] with a lesser degree of medical intervention.<ref name=":53" />{{Rp|pages=101–102}}