Editing Coagulation (section)

==Pharmacology==

===Procoagulants===
{{Anchor|Procoagulants}}
The use of [[Adsorption|adsorbent]] chemicals, such as [[zeolite]]s, and other [[hemostatic agent]]s are also used for sealing severe injuries quickly (such as in traumatic bleeding secondary to gunshot wounds). Thrombin and fibrin [[glue]] are used surgically to treat bleeding and to thrombose aneurysms. [[Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325]] is used to treated gastrointestinal bleeding.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

[[Desmopressin]] is used to improve platelet function by activating [[arginine vasopressin receptor 1A]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaufmann |first=J.E. |last2=Vischer |first2=U.M. |date=April 2003 |title=Cellular mechanisms of the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) |journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=682–89 |doi=10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00190.x |pmid=12871401}}</ref>

Coagulation factor concentrates are used to treat [[hemophilia]], to reverse the effects of anticoagulants, and to treat bleeding in people with impaired coagulation factor synthesis or increased consumption. [[Prothrombin complex concentrate]], [[cryoprecipitate]] and [[fresh frozen plasma]] are commonly used coagulation factor products. [[Factor VII|Recombinant activated human factor VII]] is sometimes used in the treatment of major bleeding.

[[Tranexamic acid]] and [[aminocaproic acid]] inhibit fibrinolysis and lead to a ''de facto'' reduced bleeding rate. Before its withdrawal, [[aprotinin]] was used in some forms of major surgery to decrease bleeding risk and the need for blood products.

[[File:FXa-rivaroxaban.png|thumb|300px|right|[[Rivaroxaban]] drug bound to the [[coagulation factor Xa]]. The drug prevents this protein from activating the coagulation pathway by inhibiting its [[enzyme|enzymatic activity]].]]

===Anticoagulants===
{{Main|Antiplatelet drug|Anticoagulant}}

Anticoagulants and anti-platelet agents (together "antithrombotics") are amongst the most commonly used medications. [[Antiplatelet drug|Anti-platelet agents]] include [[aspirin]], [[dipyridamole]], [[ticlopidine]], [[clopidogrel]], [[ticagrelor]] and [[prasugrel]]; the parenteral [[glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors]] are used during [[angioplasty]]. Of the anticoagulants, [[warfarin]] (and related [[coumarin]]s) and [[heparin]] are the most commonly used. Warfarin affects the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) and protein C and protein S, whereas heparin and related compounds increase the action of antithrombin on thrombin and factor Xa. A newer class of drugs, the [[direct thrombin inhibitor]]s, is under development; some members are already in clinical use (such as [[lepirudin]], [[argatroban]], [[bivalirudin]] and [[dabigatran]]). Also in clinical use are other small molecular compounds that interfere directly with the enzymatic action of particular coagulation factors (the [[Anticoagulant#Directly acting oral anticoagulants|directly acting oral anticoagulants]]: [[dabigatran]], [[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], and [[edoxaban]]).<ref name="pmid22345595">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Soff GA |date=March 2012 |title=A new generation of oral direct anticoagulants |journal=Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=569–74 |doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.242834 |pmid=22345595 |doi-access=free}}</ref>