Editing Condom (section)

=== 1930 to present ===
[[File:"3 Merry Widows" tin.jpg|thumb|Condom tin, "3 Merry Widows" brand, circa 1930.]]
[[File:Packet of "Anti-baby" condoms, German.jpg|alt=Shows purple packet of "Anti-baby" condoms from Germany. c1980s.|thumb|A packet of "Anti-baby" condoms from Germany. c1980s.]]
In 1930 the Anglican Church's [[Lambeth Conferences#Seventh: 1930|Lambeth Conference]] sanctioned the use of birth control by married couples. In 1931 the [[National Council of Churches|Federal Council of Churches]] in the U.S. issued a similar statement.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|227}} The Roman Catholic Church responded by issuing the encyclical ''[[Casti connubii]]'' affirming its opposition to all contraceptives, a stance it has never reversed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|228–9}} In the 1930s, legal restrictions on condoms began to be relaxed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|216,226,234}}<ref name="note">{{cite web |title=Biographical Note |work=The Margaret Sanger Papers |publisher=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. |year=1995 |url=http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_bioghist.html |access-date=21 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912180741/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_bioghist.html |archive-date=12 September 2006}}</ref> However, during this period [[Italian fascism|Fascist Italy]] and [[Nazi Germany]] increased restrictions on condoms (limited sales as disease preventatives were still allowed).<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|252,254–5}} During the Depression, condom lines by [[Julius Schmid (manufacturer)|Schmid]] gained in popularity. Schmid still used the cement-dipping method of manufacture which had two advantages over the latex variety. Firstly, cement-dipped condoms could be safely used with oil-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]. Secondly, while less comfortable, these older-style rubber condoms could be reused and so were more economical, a valued feature in hard times.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|217–9}} More attention was brought to quality issues in the 1930s, and the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] began to regulate the quality of condoms sold in the United States.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|223–5}}

Throughout [[World War II]], condoms were not only distributed to male U.S. military members, but also heavily promoted with films, posters, and lectures.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|236–8,259}} European and Asian militaries on both sides of the conflict also provided condoms to their troops throughout the war, even Germany which outlawed all civilian use of condoms in 1941.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|252–4,257–8}} In part because condoms were readily available, soldiers found a number of [[#Other uses|non-sexual uses]] for the devices, many of which continue to this day. After the war, condom sales continued to grow. From 1955 to 1965, 42% of Americans of reproductive age relied on condoms for birth control. In Britain from 1950 to 1960, 60% of married couples used condoms. The [[combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pill]] became the world's most popular method of birth control in the years after its 1960 début, but condoms remained a strong second. The U.S. [[United States Agency for International Development|Agency for International Development]] pushed condom use in developing countries to help solve the "world population crises": by 1970 hundreds of millions of condoms were being used each year in India alone.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|267–9,272–5}}(This number has grown in recent decades: in 2004, the government of India purchased 1.9 billion condoms for distribution at family planning clinics.)<ref>{{cite report |first=AP |last=Sharma |title=Annual Report of the Tariff Commission |page=9 |publisher=India government |year=2006 |url=http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf |access-date=16 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619062117/http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2009}}</ref>
[[File:NYC condom 2019.jpg|thumb|A condom given out by NYC Health Department during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019]] celebrations.]]
In the 1960s and 1970s quality regulations tightened,<ref>Collier, pp. 267, 285</ref> and more legal barriers to condom use were removed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|276–9}} In Ireland, legal condom sales were allowed for the first time in 1978.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|329–30}} Advertising, however was one area that continued to have legal restrictions. In the late 1950s, the American [[National Association of Broadcasters]] banned condom advertisements from national television; this policy remained in place until 1979.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|273–4,285}}

After it was discovered in the early 1980s that [[AIDS]] can be a sexually transmitted infection,<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Cluster of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among Homosexual Male Residents of Los Angeles and range Counties, California |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=23 |pages=305–307 |date=18 June 1982 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001114.htm |access-date=15 June 2008 |pmid=6811844 |author1=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224023702/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001114.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008}}</ref> the use of condoms was encouraged to prevent transmission of [[HIV]]. Despite opposition by some political, religious, and other figures, national condom promotion campaigns occurred in the U.S. and Europe.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|299,301,306–7,312–8}} These campaigns increased condom use significantly.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|309–17}}

Due to increased demand and greater social acceptance, condoms began to be sold in a wider variety of retail outlets, including in supermarkets and in discount department stores such as [[Walmart]].<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|305}} Condom sales increased every year until 1994, when media attention to the AIDS pandemic began to decline.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|303–4}} The phenomenon of decreasing use of condoms as disease preventatives has been called ''prevention fatigue'' or ''[[condom fatigue]]''. Observers have cited condom fatigue in both Europe and North America.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Adam BD, Husbands W, Murray J, Maxwell J |title=AIDS optimism, condom fatigue, or self-esteem? Explaining unsafe sex among gay and bisexual men |journal=Journal of Sex Research |date=August 2005 |doi=10.1080/00224490509552278 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=238–248 |pmid=19817037 |s2cid=5772698}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Walder |first=Rupert |title=Condom Fatigue in Western Europe? |work=Rupert Walder's blog |publisher=RH Reality Check |date=31 August 2007 |url=http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2007/08/31/condom-fatigue-in-western-europe |access-date=29 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515234305/http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2007/08/31/condom-fatigue-in-western-europe |archive-date=15 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jazz |title=Condom Fatigue Or Prevention Fatigue |publisher=Isnare.com |url=http://www.isnare.com/?aid=87040&ca=Sexuality |access-date=29 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063621/http://www.isnare.com/?aid=87040&ca=Sexuality |archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref> As one response, manufacturers have changed the tone of their advertisements from scary to humorous.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|303–4}}

New developments continued to occur in the condom market, with the first polyurethane condom—branded Avanti and produced by the manufacturer of Durex—introduced in the 1990s.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|32–5}} Worldwide condom use is expected to continue to grow: one study predicted that developing nations would need 18.6 billion condoms by 2015.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|342}} {{as of|2013|September}}, condoms are available inside prisons in Canada, most of the European Union, Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, and the US states of Vermont (on 17 September 2013, the Californian Senate approved a bill for condom distribution inside the state's prisons, but the bill was not yet law at the time of approval).<ref>{{cite web |title=Everybody wants condom vending machines |url=http://grist.org/list/everybody-wants-condom-vending-machines/?sub_email=sundaybottle%40hotmail.com |work=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |access-date=19 September 2013 |author=Holly Richmond |date=18 September 2013 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805060218/http://grist.org/living/everybody-wants-condom-vending-machines/?sub_email=sundaybottle%40hotmail.com%7C |url-status=live }}</ref>

The global condom market was estimated at US$9.2 billion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condom Market Size, Share {{!}} Global Industry Growth Report, 2019-2026 |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/condom-market |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=www.grandviewresearch.com |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118171001/https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/condom-market |url-status=live }}</ref>