Editing Convergent evolution (section)

=== The annual life-cycle ===

While most plant species are [[Perennial plant|perennial]], about 6% follow an [[Annual plant|annual]] life cycle, living for only one growing season.<ref name="Poppenwimer 2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Poppenwimer |first1=Tyler |last2=Mayrose |first2=Itay |last3=DeMalach |first3=Niv |date=December 2023 |title=Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=624 |issue=7990 |pages=109–114 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06644-x |pmid=37938778 |pmc=10830411 |arxiv=2304.13101 |bibcode=2023Natur.624..109P |s2cid=260332117 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> The annual life cycle independently emerged in over 120 plant families of angiosperms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Jannice |date=2020-11-02 |title=The Evolution of Annual and Perennial Plant Life Histories: Ecological Correlates and Genetic Mechanisms |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024638 |journal=Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=461–481 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024638 |s2cid=225237602 |issn=1543-592X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hjertaas |first1=Ane C. |last2=Preston |first2=Jill C. |last3=Kainulainen |first3=Kent |last4=Humphreys |first4=Aelys M. |last5=Fjellheim |first5=Siri |date=2023 |title=Convergent evolution of the annual life history syndrome from perennial ancestors |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.1048656 |pmid=36684797 |issn=1664-462X |doi-access=free |pmc=9846227 }}</ref> The prevalence of annual species increases under hot-dry summer conditions in the four species-rich families of annuals ([[Asteraceae]], [[Brassicaceae]], [[Fabaceae]], and [[Poaceae]]), indicating that the annual life cycle is adaptive.<ref name="Poppenwimer 2023"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Boyko |first1=James D. |last2=Hagen |first2=Eric R. |last3=Beaulieu |first3=Jeremy M. |last4=Vasconcelos |first4=Thais |date=November 2023 |title=The evolutionary responses of life-history strategies to climatic variability in flowering plants |journal=New Phytologist |volume=240 |issue=4 |pages=1587–1600 |doi=10.1111/nph.18971 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free |pmid=37194450 }}</ref>