Editing Demographics of Quebec (section)

== Migration ==
=== Immigration ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Quebec immigration<ref name="1861immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2023-09-21 |title=Census of the Canadas, 1860-61, volume 1 |url=https://library-archives.canada.ca/eng/collection/research-help/genealogy-family-history/censuses/Pages/pre-confederation.aspx |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|42}}<ref name="1881to1921immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Sixth census of Canada, 1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|239}}<ref name="1921to1971immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=4 September 2022 |title=1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921-1971 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|108}}
!Year
!Immigrant percentage
!Immigrant population
!Total population
|-
|1861
|{{Percentage | 95796 | 1110664 | 1 }}
|95,796
|1,110,664
|-
|1881
|{{Percentage | 76137 | 1359027 | 1 }}
|76,137
|1,359,027
|-
|1891
|{{Percentage | 81521 | 1488535 | 1 }}
|81,521
|1,488,535
|-
|1901
|{{Percentage | 88708 | 1648898 | 1 }}
|88,708
|1,648,898
|-
|1911
|{{Percentage | 147070 | 2005776 | 1 }}
|147,070
|2,005,776
|-
|1921
|{{Percentage | 188565 | 2360510 | 1 }}
|188,565
|2,360,510
|-
|1931
|{{Percentage | 251748 | 2874662 | 1 }}
|251,748
|2,874,662
|-
|1941
|{{Percentage | 223943 | 3331882 | 1 }}
|223,943
|3,331,882
|-
|1951
|{{Percentage | 228923 | 4055681 | 1 }}
|228,923
|4,055,681
|-
|1961
|{{Percentage | 388449 | 5259211 | 1 }}
|388,449
|5,259,211
|-
|1971
|{{Percentage | 468925 | 6027760 | 1 }}
|468,925
|6,027,760
|}

The [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] reported that [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants]] (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 1,210,595 persons or 14.6&nbsp;percent of the total population of Quebec.<ref name="2021censusB"/><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Immigrants in Quebec by country of birth
! rowspan="2" |Country of birth
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2023-06-21 |title=Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034902 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Quebec&DGUIDlist=2021A000224&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-17 |title=Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110526&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-01-23 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile - Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105539&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2011immigrationB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-01-23 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105411&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2009-03-23 |title=Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-557/T404-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=404&GH=4&GF=1&SC=1&S=1&O=D |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2006immigrationB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2020-05-01 |title=2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89424&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=72&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62124&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=43&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="2001&1996immigration">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62125&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=43&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
|France
|93,160
|{{Percentage | 93160 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|81,225
|{{Percentage | 81225 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|67,650
|{{Percentage | 67650 | 974895 | 1 }}
|59,215
|{{Percentage | 59215 | 851560 | 1 }}
|50,140
|{{Percentage | 50140 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Haiti
|86,105
|{{Percentage | 86105 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|80,965
|{{Percentage | 80965 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|69,075
|{{Percentage | 69075 | 974895 | 1 }}
|56,755
|{{Percentage | 56755 | 851560 | 1 }}
|47,850
|{{Percentage | 47850 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Algeria
|72,835
|{{Percentage | 72835 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|59,460
|{{Percentage | 59460 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|47,330
|{{Percentage | 47330 | 974895 | 1 }}
|29,515
|{{Percentage | 29515 | 851560 | 1 }}
|16,610
|{{Percentage | 16610 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Morocco
|68,870
|{{Percentage | 68870 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|60,695
|{{Percentage | 60695 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|48,375
|{{Percentage | 48375 | 974895 | 1 }}
|33,565
|{{Percentage | 33565 | 851560 | 1 }}
|20,185
|{{Percentage | 20185 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|China
|52,500
|{{Percentage | 52500 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|49,555
|{{Percentage | 49555 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|43,735
|{{Percentage | 43735 | 974895 | 1 }}
|39,190
|{{Percentage | 39190 | 851560 | 1 }}
|24,405
|{{Percentage | 24405 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Italy
|43,975
|{{Percentage | 43975 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|51,025
|{{Percentage | 51025 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|57,710
|{{Percentage | 57710 | 974895 | 1 }}
|65,550
|{{Percentage | 65550 | 851560 | 1 }}
|69,450
|{{Percentage | 69450 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Lebanon
|42,280
|{{Percentage | 42280 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|39,140
|{{Percentage | 39140 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|38,570
|{{Percentage | 38570 | 974895 | 1 }}
|34,875
|{{Percentage | 34875 | 851560 | 1 }}
|28,765
|{{Percentage | 28765 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Philippines
|31,345
|{{Percentage | 31345 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|24,410
|{{Percentage | 24410 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|22,630
|{{Percentage | 22630 | 974895 | 1 }}
|16,335
|{{Percentage | 16335 | 851560 | 1 }}
|13,670
|{{Percentage | 13670 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Colombia
|29,670
|{{Percentage | 29670 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|25,575
|{{Percentage | 25575 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|21,320
|{{Percentage | 21320 | 974895 | 1 }}
|13,390
|{{Percentage | 13390 | 851560 | 1 }}
|4,385
|{{Percentage | 4385 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
|Romania
|27,515
|{{Percentage | 27515 | 1210595 | 1 }}
|28,690
|{{Percentage | 28690 | 1091305 | 1 }}
|25,770
|{{Percentage | 25770 | 974895 | 1 }}
|26,955
|{{Percentage | 26955 | 851560 | 1 }}
|14,505
|{{Percentage | 14505 | 706965 | 1 }}
|-
!Total immigrants
!1,210,595
!{{Percentage | 1210595 | 8308480 | 1 }}
!1,091,305
!{{Percentage | 1091305 | 7965450 | 1 }}
!974,895
!{{Percentage | 974895 | 7732520 | 1 }}
!851,560
!{{Percentage | 851560 | 7435900 | 1 }}
!706,965
!{{Percentage | 706965 | 7125580 | 1 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
!Total responses
!8,308,480
!{{Percentage | 8308480 | 8501833 | 1 }}
!7,965,450
!{{Percentage | 7965450 | 8164361 | 1 }}
!7,732,520
!{{Percentage | 7732520 | 7903001 | 1 }}
!7,435,900
!{{Percentage | 7435900 | 7546131 | 1 }}
!7,125,580
!{{Percentage | 7125580 | 7237479 | 1 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
!Total population
!8,501,833
!{{Percentage | 8501833 | 8501833 | 1 }}
!8,164,361
!{{Percentage | 8164361 | 8164361 | 1 }}
!7,903,001
!{{Percentage | 7903001 | 7903001 | 1 }}
!7,546,131
!{{Percentage | 7546131 | 7546131 | 1 }}
!7,237,479
!{{Percentage | 7237479 | 7237479 | 1 }}
|}

=== Recent immigration ===
The [[2021 Canadian census]] counted a total of 202,740 people who immigrated to Quebec between 2016 and 2021.<ref name="2021censusB"/><br />
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Recent immigrants to Quebec by country of birth ([[2016 Canadian census|2016]] to [[2021 Canadian census|2021]])<ref name="2021censusB"/>
|-
!Country of birth
!Population
!% recent immigrants
|-
|France
|20,980
|{{Percentage | 20980 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Algeria
|13,975
|{{Percentage | 13975 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Syria
|13,390
|{{Percentage | 13390 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|China
|10,735
|{{Percentage | 10735 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Morocco
|9,510
|{{Percentage | 9510 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Cameroon
|8,835
|{{Percentage | 8835 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Haiti
|8,600
|{{Percentage | 8600 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Philippines
|8,480
|{{Percentage | 8480 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|India
|8,460
|{{Percentage | 8460 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|Tunisia
|6,640
|{{Percentage | 6640 | 202740 | 1 }}
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''202,740'''
|'''{{Percentage | 202740 | 202740 | 1 }}'''
|}

=== Interprovincial migration ===
Since it began being recorded in 1971 until 2018, each year Quebec has had negative interprovincial migration, and among the provinces it has experienced the largest net loss of people due to the effect.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Between 1981 and 2017, Quebec lost 229,700 people below the age of 45 to interprovincial migration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://montrealgazette.com/business/quebec-losing-young-people-to-interprovincial-migration-report-shows |title=Quebec losing young people to interprovincial migration, report shows |last=Serebrin |first=Jacob |publisher=Montreal Gazette |date=2018-07-26 |language=en |access-date=2018-12-28}}</ref> Per capita, Quebec has lost significantly fewer people than other provinces. This is due to the large population of the province and the very low migration rate of francophone Quebeckers.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} However, Quebec receives much fewer than average in-migrants from other provinces.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In Quebec, [[Allophone (Canada)|allophones]] are more likely to migrate out of the province than average: between 1996 and 2001, over 19,170 migrated to other provinces; 18,810 of whom migrated to Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/lang/tables/migration.cfm |title=Net population gains or losses from interprovincial migration by language group, provinces and territories, 1991-1996 and 1996-2001 |access-date=2018-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617104746/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/lang/tables/migration.cfm |archive-date=2008-06-17 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" 
|+Interprovincial migration between Quebec and other provinces and territories by mother tongue<ref>{{cite web |title=Interprovincial Migration by Mother Tongue for Interprovincial Migrants Aged 5 Years and Over, Provinces and Territories, 1971 to 2016 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1510000601&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.5&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=1966+%2F+1971&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2011+%2F+2016&referencePeriods=19660101%2C20110101 |access-date=2010-03-11 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
|-
! Mother Tongue / Year !! 1971–1976 !! 1976–1981 !! 1981–1986 !! 1986–1991 !! 1991–1996 !! 1996–2001 
!2001–2006
!2006–2011
!2011-2016!! Total
|- align="right"
| align="left" | French               || &minus;4,100    ||&minus;18,000   ||&minus;12,900   || 5,200     || 1,200     ||&minus;8,900
|5,000
|&minus;2,610
|&minus;9,940||&minus;45,050
|- align="right"
| align="left" | English              ||&minus;52,200   ||&minus;106,300 ||&minus;41,600   ||&minus;22,200   ||&minus;24,500   ||&minus;29,200 
|&minus;8,000
|&minus;5,930
|&minus;11,005||&minus;300,635
|- align="right"
| align="left" | Other                ||&minus;5,700    ||&minus;17,400 ||&minus;8,700   ||  &minus;8,600   ||&minus;14,100   ||&minus;19,100 
|&minus;8,700
|&minus;12,710
|&minus;16,015
|&minus;111,025
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Interprovincial migration in Quebec
!
!In-migrants
!Out-migrants
!Net migration
|- align="right"
|2008–09
|20,307
|27,726
|&minus;7,419
|- align="right"
|2009–10
|21,048
|24,306
|&minus;3,258
|- align="right"
|2010–11
|19,884
|24,647
|&minus;4,763
|- align="right"
|2011–12
|20,179
|27,094
|&minus;6,915
|- align="right"
|2012–13
|16,879
|27,310
|&minus;10,431
|- align="right"
|2013–14
|16,536
|30,848
|&minus;14,312
|- align="right"
|2014–15
|16,611
|32,753
|&minus;16,142
|- align="right"
|2015–16
|19,259
|30,377
|&minus;11,118
|- align="right"
|2016–17
|19,531
|27,658
|&minus;8,127
|- align="right"
|2017–18
|20,777
|26,470
|&minus;5,693
|- align="right"
|2018–19
|24,604
|27,653
|&minus;3,049
|- align="right"
|2019–20
|33,843
|35,066
|&minus;1,223
|}
''Source: Statistics Canada''<ref name=":1">Statistics Canada, table 051-0012: [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1710001501#timeframe ''Interprovincial migrants, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual''.]</ref>