Editing Detroit (section)

==Arts and culture==
{{Main|Culture of Detroit}}

[[File:March for Science IMG 20170422 145254 (41912894840).jpg|thumb|[[March for Science]]]]
[[File:View from upper level of Ford display -- 2018 North American International Auto Show (40540943864).jpg|thumb|[[North American International Auto Show]]]]

In the central portions of Detroit, the population of young professionals, artists, and other transplants is growing and retail is expanding.<ref name=Detroitres>Harrison, Sheena (June 25, 2007). [http://www.crainsdetroit.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070625/SUB/70623003/-1/newsletter02 DEGA enlists help to spur Detroit retail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524101614/http://www.crainsdetroit.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070625%2FSUB%2F70623003%2F-1%2Fnewsletter02 |date=May 24, 2011 }}. ''Crain's Detroit Business''. Retrieved on November 28, 2007. "New downtown residents are largely young professionals according to Social Compact".</ref> This dynamic is luring additional new residents, and former residents returning from other cities, to the city's Downtown along with the revitalized Midtown and New Center areas.<ref name=Marketprofile/><ref name=Detroitres/><ref name=Detroitstudy>Reppert, Joe (October 2007).[http://downtowndetroit.org/ddp/newsroom/Detroit_Drill_Down_Report.pdf Detroit Neighborhood Market Drill Down] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926205010/http://downtowndetroit.org/ddp/newsroom/Detroit_Drill_Down_Report.pdf |date=September 26, 2011 }}. ''Social Compact''. Retrieved on July 10, 2010.</ref>

A desire to be closer to the urban scene has attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as [[Ferndale, Michigan|Ferndale]] and [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Danner|first=Marcia|url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20070702/SUB/707010309# |title=Waterfront Living: River rebirth draws residents downtown |website=Crainsdetroit.com |date=July 2, 2007 |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> The proximity to Windsor provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19.<ref name= Windsornightlife>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/03/AR2006020302747.html| title = Detroit's Big Party Next Door. In Windsor, Temptation Waits for Players, Fans| access-date =May 5, 2009| last = La Canfora| first = Jason| newspaper=The Washington Post| date=February 4, 2006}}</ref> A 2011 study by [[Walk Score]] recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/|title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2011 |access-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref> About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city.<ref name="Visitor poll">Bailey, Ruby L (August 22, 2007). The D is a draw: Most suburbanites are repeat visitors. ''Detroit Free Press''. New Detroit Free Press-Local 4 poll conducted by Selzer and Co., finds, "nearly two-thirds of residents of suburban Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties say they at least occasionally dine, attend cultural events or take in professional games in Detroit."</ref>

===Nicknames===
{{Main|Nicknames of Detroit}}
Known as the world's automotive center,<ref>Lawrence, Peter (2009).[http://www.cdf.org/issue_journal/interview_with_michigans_governor.html Interview with Michigan's Governor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120031101/http://www.cdf.org/issue_journal/interview_with_michigans_governor.html |date=November 20, 2008 }}, Corporate Design Foundation. Retrieved on May 1, 2009.</ref> "Detroit" is a [[Metonymy|metonym]] for [[Automotive industry in the United States|that industry]].<ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-204598/Michigan |title=Michigan Cities |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=April 8, 2007 |quote=[Detroit] is the automobile capital of the world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012230850/http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-204598/Michigan |archive-date=October 12, 2007 }}</ref> It is an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the ''Motor City'' and ''[[Motown]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/congress/|title=SAE World Congress convenes in Detroit|access-date=April 12, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210095927/http://www.sae.org/congress/|archive-date=February 10, 2007}}</ref> Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including ''City of Champions'', beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport;<ref name="City_of_Champions">{{cite web |last=Zacharias |first=Patricia |date=August 22, 2000 |title=Detroit, the City of Champions |url=http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=91 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130110201930/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=91 |archive-date=January 10, 2013 |access-date=May 5, 2009 |work=Michigan History, The Detroit News}}</ref> ''The D''; ''[[Hockeytown]]'' (a trademark owned by the [[Detroit Red Wings]]); ''Rock City'' (after the [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] song "[[Detroit Rock City]]"); and ''The [[Area code 313|313]]'' (its telephone area code).{{efn|Commemorated in the movie ''[[8 Mile (film)|8 Mile]]'' (2002)}}<ref name=Almanac2/>

===Music===
<!-- This section is a summary of significant information. Please make longer contributions to the sub articles. Thank you. -->
{{Main|Music of Detroit|Performing arts in Detroit}}

[[File:Berry Gordy House Boston Edison Detroit.JPG|thumb|"Motown Mansion" in [[Boston-Edison Historic District]]; former home of [[Berry Gordy]], founder of [[Motown Records]]]]
[[File:Detroit Electronic Music Festival 2002 main stage and crowd after dark.jpg|thumb|[[Detroit Electronic Music Festival]]]]
[[File:DIME building exterior.jpg|thumb|[[Detroit Institute of Music Education]]]]

Live music has been a prominent feature of Detroit's nightlife since the late 1940s, bringing the city recognition under the nickname "Motown".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Motown&type=label |title=Searching for "Motown" within on Discogs |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 23, 2017}}</ref> The metropolitan area has many nationally prominent live music venues. Concerts hosted by [[Live Nation Entertainment|Live Nation]] perform throughout the Detroit area. The theater venue circuit is the United States' second largest and hosts [[Broadway theatre|Broadway performances]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldiscoming.com/getinfo_coolstuff.html |title=Firsts and facts |access-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501085821/http://www.theworldiscoming.com/getinfo_coolstuff.html |archive-date=May 1, 2008 }} ''Detroit Tourism Economic Development Council''. Retrieved on July 24, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.°C.org/arts-culture.aspx Arts & Culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050411002813/http://www/ |date=April 11, 2005 }} ''Detroit Economic Growth Corporation''. Retrieved on July 24, 2008. "Detroit is home to the second largest theatre district in the United States."</ref>

The city has a rich musical heritage and has contributed to many genres over the decades.<ref name=Almanac2/> Important music events include the [[Detroit International Jazz Festival]], the [[Detroit Electronic Music Festival]], the Motor City Music Conference (MC2), the Urban Organic Music Conference, the Concert of Colors, and the hip-hop Summer Jamz festival.<ref name=Almanac2/>

In the 1940s, [[Detroit blues]] artist [[John Lee Hooker]] became a long-term resident in the [[Delray, Detroit|Delray]] neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians, migrated from his home in Mississippi, bringing the [[Delta blues]] to Detroit. Hooker recorded for [[Fortune Records]], the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood.<ref name=Woodford/> Prominent emerging jazz musicians included trumpeter [[Donald Byrd]] (who attended Cass Tech and performed with [[Art Blakey]] and [[the Jazz Messengers]] early in his career) and saxophonist [[Pepper Adams]] (who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums). The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Graystone Online |url=http://www.ipl.org.ar/exhibit/detjazz/Graystone.html |publisher=Internet Public Library of the University of Michigan |access-date=May 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911002339/http://www.ipl.org.ar/exhibit/detjazz/Graystone.html |archive-date=September 11, 2009 }}</ref>

Other prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s were [[Nolan Strong]], [[Andre Williams (musician)|Andre Williams]], and [[Nathaniel Mayer]]—who all scored local and national hits on the [[Fortune Records]] label. According to [[Smokey Robinson]], Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label, a family-operated label on Third Avenue, was owned by the husband-and-wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown. Fortune—which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s—laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.<ref name=Carson>{{Cite book |first= David A. |last= Carson |title= Noise, and Revolution: The Birth of Detroit Rock 'n' Roll |publisher= University of Michigan Press |year= 2005 |isbn= 0-472-11503-0 }}</ref>

[[Berry Gordy, Jr.]] founded [[Motown Records]], which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as [[Stevie Wonder]], [[the Temptations]], [[the Four Tops]], [[Smokey Robinson & the Miracles]], [[Diana Ross & the Supremes]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[Martha and the Vandellas]], [[The Spinners (American group)|the Spinners]], [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]], [[the Marvelettes]], [[the Elgins]], [[The Monitors (American band)|the Monitors]], [[the Velvelettes]], and [[Marvin Gaye]]. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists<ref>''Girl Groups – Fabulous Females Who Rocked The World'', by John Clemente</ref> [[the Andantes]] and [[the Funk Brothers]].

"The Motown sound" played an important role in the crossover appeal with popular music, since it was the first African American–owned record label to primarily feature African-American artists. Gordy moved Motown to Los Angeles in 1972 to pursue film production, but the company has since returned to Detroit. [[Aretha Franklin]], another Detroit R&B star, carried the Motown sound; however, she did not record with Berry's Motown label.<ref name=Almanac2/>

Local artists and bands rose to prominence in the 1960s and 70s, including the [[MC5]], [[Glenn Frey]], [[the Stooges]], [[Bob Seger]], [[The Amboy Dukes (band)|Amboy Dukes]] featuring [[Ted Nugent]], [[Mitch Ryder]] and The Detroit Wheels, [[Rare Earth (band)|Rare Earth]], [[Alice Cooper]], and [[Suzi Quatro]]. The group [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] emphasized the city's connection with rock in the song "[[Detroit Rock City]]" and the movie produced in 1999. In the 1980s, Detroit was an important center of the [[hardcore punk rock]] underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs, such as [[the Necros]], [[the Meatmen]], and [[Negative Approach]].<ref name="Carson"/>

In the 1990s and 2000s, the city produced many influential [[hip hop music|hip hop]] artists, including [[Eminem]], the hip-hop artist with the highest cumulative sales, his rap group [[D12]], hip-hop rapper and producer [[Royce da 5'9"]], hip-hop producer [[Denaun Porter]], hip-hop producer [[J Dilla]], rapper and musician [[Kid Rock]] and rappers [[Big Sean]] and [[Danny Brown (rapper)|Danny Brown]]. The band [[Sponge (band)|Sponge]] toured and produced music.<ref name="Almanac2" /><ref name="Carson" /> The city also has an active [[garage rock]] scene that has generated national attention with acts such as [[the White Stripes]], [[the Von Bondies]], [[the Detroit Cobras]], [[the Dirtbombs]], [[Electric Six]], and [[the Hard Lessons]].<ref name="Almanac2" /> Detroit is cited as the birthplace of [[techno]] music in the early 1980s.<ref name="Plexifilm">{{cite web|author=Jessica Edwards |url=http://www.plexifilm.com/title.php?id=27 |title=High Tech Soul |publisher=Plexifilm |access-date=July 1, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170131/http://www.plexifilm.com/title.php?id=27 |archive-date=December 6, 2013 }}</ref> The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of [[electronic dance music]], "[[Detroit techno]]". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline and its industrial past.<ref name="Woodford">{{Cite book| author=Woodford, Arthur M.|title=This is Detroit 1701–2001|publisher=Wayne State University Press| year=2001|isbn=0-8143-2914-4}}</ref> Prominent Detroit techno artists include [[Juan Atkins]], [[Derrick May (musician)|Derrick May]], [[Kevin Saunderson]], and [[Jeff Mills]]. The [[Detroit Electronic Music Festival]], now known as Movement, occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in [[Hart Plaza]].

===Performing arts===
<!-- This section is a summary of significant information. Please make longer contributions to the sub articles. Thank you. -->
{{Main|Theatre in Detroit}}

[[File:Detroit December 2019 14 (Fox Theatre).jpg|thumb|The [[Fox Theatre (Detroit)|Detroit Fox Theatre]] in Downtown]]

Major theaters in Detroit include the [[Fox Theatre (Detroit)|Fox Theatre]] (5,174 seats), [[Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts]]  (1,770 seats), the [[Gem Theatre (Detroit)|Gem Theatre]] (451 seats), [[Detroit Masonic Temple|Masonic Temple Theatre]] (4,404 seats), the [[Detroit Opera House]] (2,765 seats), the [[Fisher Theatre]] (2,089 seats), [[The Fillmore Detroit]] (2,200 seats), [[Saint Andrew's Hall]], the [[Majestic Theater (Detroit, Michigan)|Majestic Theater]], and [[Orchestra Hall (Detroit)|Orchestra Hall]] (2,286 seats), which hosts the renowned [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]]. The [[Nederlander Organization]], the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated with the purchase of the [[Detroit Opera House]] in 1922 by the Nederlander family.<ref name=Almanac2>{{Cite book|author1=Gavrilovich, Peter  |author2=Bill McGraw |title=The Detroit Almanac| edition=2nd |publisher=Detroit Free Press| year=2006|isbn=978-0-937247-48-8}}</ref>

[[Motown Motion Picture Studios]] with {{convert|535000|sqft|m2}} produces movies in Detroit and the surrounding area based at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus for a film industry expected to employ over 4,000 people in the metro area.<ref>Gallaher, John and Kathleen Gray and Chris Christoff (February 3, 2009). "Pontiac film studio to bring jobs". ''Detroit Free Press''.</ref>

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in metropolitan Detroit}}Detroit is home to the world's first [[destination marketing organization]], the Detroit Metro Convention and Visitor's Bureau, also known as Visit Detroit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ford |first=Robert C. |last2=Peeper |first2=William C. |date=August 1, 2007 |title=The past as prologue: Predicting the future of the convention and visitor bureau industry on the basis of its history |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517706001324 |journal=Tourism Management |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=1104–1114 |doi=10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.002 |issn=0261-5177|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Detroit Metro Convention & Visitors Bureau Profile |url=https://topworkplaces.com/company/detroit-metro-convention/freep/ |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Top Workplaces |language=en}}</ref> Founded in 1896, the organization now operates at [[211 West Fort Street]] as Visit Detroit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Detroit Metro Convention & Visitors Bureau |url=https://visitdetroit.com/about-us/ |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Visit Detroit |language=en-US}}</ref>[[File:Detroit Institute of Arts From DPL.jpg|thumb|[[Detroit Institute of Arts]]]]

Because of its unique culture, distinctive architecture, and revitalization and urban renewal efforts in the 21st century, Detroit has enjoyed increased prominence as a tourist destination in recent years. ''[[The New York Times]]'' listed Detroit as the ninth-best destination in its list of ''52 Places to Go in 2017'',<ref name="52 Places to Go in 2017">[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/travel/places-to-visit.html "52 Places to Go in 2017"]. NYT Travel, ''The New York Times''. January 4, 2017. Retrieved on February 7, 2018.</ref> while travel guide publisher ''[[Lonely Planet]]'' named Detroit the second-best city in the world to visit in 2018.<ref name="Top 10 cities to visit in 2018">[https://www.lonelyplanet.com/best-in-travel/cities "Top 10 cities to visit in 2018"]. [[Lonely Planet]]. Retrieved on February 7, 2018.</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Detroit as one of the 50 World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore.<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |title=Detroit: World's Greatest Places 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194455/detroit/ |access-date=July 13, 2022 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>

Many of the area's prominent museums are in the historic [[Detroit Cultural Center|cultural center]] neighborhood around Wayne State University and the [[College for Creative Studies]]. These museums include the [[Detroit Institute of Arts]], the [[Detroit Historical Museum]], [[Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History]], the [[Detroit Science Center]], as well as the main branch of the [[Detroit Public Library]]. Other cultural highlights include [[Hitsville U.S.A.|Motown Historical Museum]], the [[Ford Piquette Avenue Plant]] museum, the [[Pewabic Pottery]] studio and school, the [[Tuskegee Airmen]] Museum, [[Fort Wayne (Detroit)|Fort Wayne]], the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit]], the [[Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit]], and the [[Belle Isle Conservatory]].

In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a {{convert|16000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at [[The Henry Ford]] in [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]], the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.<ref>America's Story, Explore the States: Michigan (2006). [http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/es/mi/ford_1 Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014115229/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/es/mi/ford_1 |date=October 14, 2009 }} ''Library of Congress'' Retrieved August 14, 2011.</ref> The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area churches, skyscrapers, and mansions. Inside Detroit hosts tours, educational programming, and a downtown welcome center. Other sites of interest are the [[Detroit Zoo]] in [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]], the [[Cranbrook Art Museum]] in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan|Bloomfield Hills]], the [[Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory]] on Belle Isle, and Walter P. Chrysler Museum in [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]].<ref name=AIADetroit/>

[[Greektown, Detroit|Greektown]] and three downtown casino resort hotels serve as part of an entertainment hub. The [[Eastern Market, Detroit|Eastern Market]] farmer's distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easternmarket.org/page.cfm/19/ |title=History of Eastern Market |access-date=May 6, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506012105/http://www.easternmarket.org/page.cfm/19/ |archive-date=May 6, 2008 }}. ''Eastern Market Merchant's Association''. Retrieved on March 8, 2006.</ref> On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop there.<ref name=Easternmarket1>{{cite web|url=http://www.modeldmedia.com/neighborhoods/easternmarket.aspx |title=Eastern Market |access-date=April 5, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405184940/http://www.modeldmedia.com/neighborhoods/easternmarket.aspx |archive-date=April 5, 2008 }}. ''Model D Media'' (April 5, 2008). Retrieved January 24, 2011.</ref> The annual Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350,000 people.<ref name="Midtown2">{{cite web |title=Midtown |url=http://www.modeldmedia.com/neighborhoods/Midtown.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405014021/http://www.modeldmedia.com/neighborhoods/Midtown.aspx |archive-date=April 5, 2008 |access-date=April 5, 2007}}. ''Model D Media'' (April 4, 2008). Retrieved on January 24, 2011.</ref>

[[File:Ford Piquette Avenue Plant - Model T Assortment.jpg|thumb|The [[Ford Piquette Avenue Plant]], birthplace of the [[Ford Model T]] and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public]]

Annual summer events include the [[Detroit Electronic Music Festival|Electronic Music Festival]], [[Detroit International Jazz Festival|International Jazz Festival]], the [[Woodward Dream Cruise]], the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and [[Dally in the Alley]]. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the [[North American International Auto Show]]. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theparade.org/ |title=The Parade Company &#124; Home of America's Thanksgiving Day Parade |website=Theparade.org |access-date=July 23, 2017}}</ref> River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the [[Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival]] fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.<ref name="Visitor poll"/><ref name=Almanac2/><ref name=Winterblast>Fifth Third Bank rocks the Winter Blast. ''[[Michigan Chronicle]]''. (March 14, 2006).</ref>

An important civic sculpture is ''[[The Spirit of Detroit]]'' by [[Marshall Fredericks]] at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit, and the statue is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well.<ref>Baulch, Vivian M. (August 4, 1998). [http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=159 Marshall Fredericks – the Spirit of Detroit] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20120711220627/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=159 |date=July 11, 2012 }}. Michigan History, ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.</ref> A [[Monument to Joe Louis|memorial to Joe Louis]] is located at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues. The sculpture, commissioned by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' and executed by [[Robert Graham (sculptor)|Robert Graham]], is a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} long arm with a fist suspended by a pyramidal framework.