Editing Endocrine disruptor (section)

===Transgenic===

These rodents, mainly mice, have been bred by inserting other genes from another organism to make transgenic lines (thousands of lines) of rodents, in a technique such as [[CRISPR]].<ref name="pmid26397828">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rocha-Martins M, Cavalheiro GR, Matos-Rodrigues GE, Martins RA | title = From Gene Targeting to Genome Editing: Transgenic animals applications and beyond | journal = Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | volume = 87 | issue = 2 Suppl | pages = 1323–48 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 26397828 | doi = 10.1590/0001-3765201520140710 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Genes may be manipulated in a particular cell populations if done under the correct conditions.<ref name="pmid25545386">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dubois SL, Acosta-Martínez M, DeJoseph MR, Wolfe A, Radovick S, Boehm U, Urban JH, Levine JE | title = Positive, but not negative feedback actions of estradiol in adult female mice require estrogen receptor α in kisspeptin neurons | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 156 | issue = 3 | pages = 1111–20 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25545386 | pmc = 4330313 | doi = 10.1210/en.2014-1851 }}</ref> For endocrine-disrupting chemical research, these rodents are used to produce [[humanized mouse]] models.<ref name="Stefkovich_2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stefkovich ML, Arao Y, Hamilton KJ, Korach KS | title = Experimental models for evaluating non-genomic estrogen signaling | journal = Steroids | volume = 133 | pages = 34–37 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29122548 | pmc = 5864539 | doi = 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.001 }}</ref> Additionally, scientists use [[gene knockout]] lines of mice in order to study how certain mechanisms work when impacted by EDCs.<ref name="Stefkovich_2018" /><ref name="pmid20577047">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chambliss KL, Wu Q, Oltmann S, Konaniah ES, Umetani M, Korach KS, Thomas GD, Mineo C, Yuhanna IS, Kim SH, Madak-Erdogan Z, Maggi A, Dineen SP, Roland CL, Hui DY, Brekken RA, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Shaul PW|display-authors=3 | title = Non-nuclear estrogen receptor alpha signaling promotes cardiovascular protection but not uterine or breast cancer growth in mice | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 120 | issue = 7 | pages = 2319–30 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20577047 | pmc = 2898582 | doi = 10.1172/JCI38291 }}</ref> Transgenic rodents are used to study mechanisms impacted by EDC, but take a long time to produce and are expensive.{{cn|date=April 2025}}