Editing Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (section)

==History==
ECMO was developed in the 1950s by [[John Heysham Gibbon|John Gibbon]], and then by [[C. Walton Lillehei]]. The first use for neonates was in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez-Cruz E, Walters III H, Aggarwal S, Schwartz DS | veditors = Windle ML, Mancini MC, Berger S |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1818617-overview |title=Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation|date= 3 August 2021 | journal = Medscape | publisher = WebMD LLC }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mosier JM, Kelsey M, Raz Y, Gunnerson KJ, Meyer R, Hypes CD, Malo J, Whitmore SP, Spaite DW | title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill adults in the emergency department: history, current applications, and future directions | journal = Critical Care | volume = 19 | pages = 431 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26672979 | pmc = 4699333 | doi = 10.1186/s13054-015-1155-7 | hdl-access = free | hdl = 10150/621244 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Banning Gray Lary<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banning Gray Lary, MD |work=banninggraylary.com |url=https://banninggraylary.com/ |access-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112201522/https://banninggraylary.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> first demonstrated that intravenous oxygen could maintain life. His results were published in ''Surgical Forum'' in November 1951.<ref name="pmid14931193">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lary BG | title = Experimental maintenance of life by intravenous oxygen; preliminary report | journal = Surgical Forum | volume = | issue = | pages = 30–5 | date = 1951 | pmid = 14931193 | doi = | url = |via=W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1952 (publisher) The Proceedings of the Forum Sessions 37th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons, San Francisco, California, November, 1951 }}</ref> Lary commented on his initial work in a 2007 presentation wherein he writes, "Our research began by assembling an apparatus that, for the first time, kept animals alive while breathing pure nitrogen. This was accomplished with very small bubbles of oxygen injected into the blood stream. These bubbles were made by adding a 'wetting agent' to oxygen being forced through a porcelain filter into the venous blood stream. Shortly after its initial presentation to the American College of Surgeons, this apparatus was reviewed by Walton Lillehei who with DeWall made the first practical heart[–]lung machine that employed a bubble oxygenator. With variations such machines were used for the next twenty years."