Editing Grammatical case (section)

===Language families===
*With a few exceptions, most languages in the [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] family make extensive use of cases. [[Finnish language|Finnish]] has 15 cases according to the traditional description (or up to 30 depending on the interpretation).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatadverbien.html |title=Finnish Grammar – Adverbial cases |publisher=Users.jyu.fi |access-date=15 September 2014 |archive-date=11 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511205833/http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatadverbien.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, only 12 are commonly used in speech (see [[Finnish noun cases]] and [[Finnish locative system]]). [[Estonian language|Estonian]] has 14 (see [[Estonian locative system]]) and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] has 18, both with additional archaic cases used for some words.
*[[Turkic languages|Turkic]], [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]], and [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] languages also exhibit complex case systems. Since the abovementioned languages, along with [[Korean language|Korean]] and [[Japanese language|Japanese]], shared certain similarities, linguists proposed an [[Altaic languages|Altaic]] family and reconstructed its case system; although the hypothesis had been largely discredited.
*The [[Tsez language]], a [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian language]], has 64 cases.
*The original version of John Quijada's [[constructed language]] [[Ithkuil]] has 81 noun cases,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ithkuil.net/ithkuil-ch4-case.htm |title=A Philosophical Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Language – Chapter 4: Case Morphology |publisher=Ithkuil.net |access-date=15 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608003723/http://www.ithkuil.net/ithkuil-ch4-case.htm |archive-date=June 8, 2009}}</ref> and its descendant [[Ilaksh]] and Ithkuil after the 2011 revision both have 96 noun cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ithkuil.net/ilaksh/Chapter_4.html |title=Chapter 4 |access-date=15 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312010557/http://ithkuil.net/ilaksh/Chapter_4.html |archive-date=March 12, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ithkuil.net/04_case.html |title=A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language – Chapter 4: Case Morphology |publisher=Ithkuil.net |access-date=15 September 2014 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226082350/http://www.ithkuil.net/04_case.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[lemma (morphology)|lemma]] form of words, which is the form chosen by convention as the canonical form of a word, is usually the most [[markedness|unmarked]] or basic case, which is typically the nominative, trigger, or absolutive case, whichever a language may have.