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Hall effect sensor
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=== Human interface devices === Hall effect switches for [[computer keyboards]] were developed in the late 1960s by Everett A. Vorthmann and Joseph T. Maupin at [[Honeywell]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vorthmann |first1=Everett A. |title=Proceedings of the May 14-16, 1969, spring joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '69 (Spring) |last2=Maupin |first2=Joseph T. |date=May 1969 |isbn=9781450379021 |pages=149β159 |chapter=Solid state keyboard |doi=10.1145/1476793.1476823 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1476793.1476823 |s2cid=7540281}}</ref> Due to high manufacturing costs these keyboards were often reserved for high-reliability applications such as aerospace and military. As mass-production costs have declined, an increasing number of consumer models have become available. Hall effect sensors can also be found on some high-performance gaming [[Computer keyboard|keyboards]] (made by companies such as [[SteelSeries]], Wooting, [[Corsair Gaming|Corsair]]), with the switches themselves containing magnets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to keyboards with Hall Effect switches |url=https://www.hlplanet.com/keyboards-hall-effect-switches/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=hlplanet.com |language=en}}</ref> Although [[Sega]] pioneered the use of Hall effect sensors in their [[Sega Saturn]] 3D controller<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/9/23546851/nyxi-wizard-nintendo-switch-driftless-gamecube-controller-hall-effect | title=A GameCube-style Switch controller without stick drift (Thank god) | date=9 January 2023 }}</ref> and [[Dreamcast]] stock controller<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.windowscentral.com/gaming/what-is-a-hall-effect-controller-anyway-and-do-i-really-need-one | title=What is a Hall Effect controller anyway, and do I really need one? | date=28 July 2023 }}</ref> from the 1990s, Hall effect sensors have only started gaining popularity for use in consumer [[game controller]]s since the early 2020s, most notably in [[analog stick]]/[[joystick]] and trigger mechanisms,<ref>{{cite web |title=Game controllers with hall effect joystick sensors |url=https://www.hlplanet.com/controller-hall-effect-joystick/ |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=hlplanet.com}}</ref> for enhanced experience due to their contactless, high-resolution, low-latency measurements of position and movement and their longer lifespan due to lack of mechanical parts. Applications for Hall effect sensing have also expanded to industrial applications, which now use Hall effect [[Joystick#Industrial applications|joysticks]] to control hydraulic valves, replacing the traditional mechanical levers with contactless sensing. Such applications include mining trucks, backhoe loaders, cranes, diggers, scissor lifts, etc.
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