Editing Health informatics (section)

===== Comparing China's EHR Standard and ASTM E1384 =====
In 2011, researchers from local universities evaluated the performance of China's [[Electronic Health Record]] (EHR) Standard compared with the [[American Society for Testing and Materials]] Standard Practice for Content and Structure of Electronic Health Records in the United States (ASTM E1384 Standard, withdrawn in 2017).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Xu W, Guan Z, Cao H, Zhang H, Lu M, Li T |title = Analysis and evaluation of the Electronic Health Record standard in China: a comparison with the American national standard ASTM E1384 |journal = International Journal of Medical Informatics |volume = 80 |issue = 8 |pages = 555–61 |date = August 2011 |pmid = 21680236 |doi = 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.05.003}}</ref> The deficiencies that were found are listed in the following.
# The lack of supporting on privacy and security. The ISO/TS 18308 specifies "The EHR must support the ethical and legal use of personal information, in accordance with established privacy principles and frameworks, which may be culturally or jurisdictionally specific" ([[ISO]] 18308: Health Informatics-Requirements for an Electronic Health Record Architecture, 2004). However this China's EHR Standard did not achieve any of the fifteen requirements in the subclass of privacy and security.
# The shortage of supporting on different types of data and reference. Considering only [[ICD-9]] is referenced as China's external international coding systems, other similar systems, such as [[SNOMED CT]] in clinical terminology presentation, cannot be considered as familiar for Chinese specialists, which could lead to internationally information-sharing deficiency.
# The lack of more generic and extensible lower level data structures. China's large and complex EHR Standard was constructed for all medical domains. However, the specific and time-frequent attributes of clinical data elements, value sets and templates identified that this once-for-all purpose cannot lead to practical consequence.<ref name="Lévy_2006">{{cite journal |vauthors = Lévy PP, Duché L, Darago L, Dorléans Y, Toubiana L, Vibert JF, Flahault A |title = ICPCview: visualizing the International Classification of Primary Care |journal = Studies in Health Technology and Informatics |volume = 116 |pages = 623–28 |year = 2005 |pmid = 16160327}}</ref>

In [[Hong Kong]], a computerized patient record system called the Clinical Management System (CMS) has been developed by the [[Hospital Authority]] since 1994. This system has been deployed at all the sites of the authority (40 hospitals and 120 clinics). It is used for up to 2&nbsp;million transactions daily by 30,000 clinical staff. The comprehensive records of 7&nbsp;million patients are available on-line in the [[electronic patient record]] (ePR), with data integrated from all sites. Since 2004 radiology image viewing has been added to the ePR, with radiography images from any HA site being available as part of the ePR.

The [[Hong Kong Hospital Authority]] placed particular attention to the [[governance]] of clinical systems development, with input from hundreds of clinicians being incorporated through a structured process. The health informatics section in the Hospital Authority<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ha.org.hk/hi/Welcome.html | title = Health informatics section in Hong Kong Hospital Authority }}</ref> has a close relationship with the information technology department and clinicians to develop health care systems for the organization to support the service to all public hospitals and clinics in the region.

The [[Hong Kong Society of Medical Informatics]] (HKSMI) was established in 1987 to promote the use of information technology in health care. The eHealth Consortium has been formed to bring together clinicians from both the private and public sectors, medical informatics professionals and the IT industry to further promote IT in health care in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.iproa.org/ProjectDetail.action?id=270 | title = eHealth Consortium | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060628223826/http://www.iproa.org/ProjectDetail.action?id=270 | archive-date=2006-06-28 | work = Internet Professional Association Limited }}</ref>