Editing Holodomor (section)

== Remembrance ==
To honour those who perished in the Holodomor, monuments have been dedicated and public events held annually in Ukraine and worldwide.

=== Ukraine ===
[[File:Holodomor Remembrance Day 2013 in Lviv 18.JPG|thumb|Candles and wheat as a symbol of remembrance during the Holodomor Remembrance Day 2013 in [[Lviv]]]]
{{See also|Holodomor Memorial Day}}

[[File:Malevich running-man.jpg|thumb|One of the interpretations of ''The Running Man'' painting by [[Kazimir Malevich]], also known as ''Peasant Between a Cross and a Sword'', is the artist's indictment of the Great Famine.{{sfn|Horbachov|1998}} "Kasimir Malevich's haunting 'The Running Man' (1933–34), showing a peasant fleeing across a deserted landscape, is eloquent testimony to the disaster."{{sfn|Wilson|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4f324_LVBL4C&pg=PA144 144]}}]]

Since 1998, Ukraine has officially observed the [[Holodomor Memorial Day]] on the fourth Saturday of November,{{sfn|Verkhovna Rada, 2007.}}{{sfn|Interfax Ukraine|2013}}{{sfn|AnyDay Guide|2017}}{{sfn|Rud|2016}}{{sfn|Van Herpen|2013|p=40}} established by a presidential decree of [[Leonid Kuchma]]. In 2006, customs were established for a minute of silence at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, flags flown at half-mast, and restrictions on entertainment broadcasting.{{sfn| Yushchenko|2006}} In 2007, three days of commemorations on the [[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] included video testimonies of communist crimes in Ukraine and documentaries, scholarly lectures,{{sfn|Nat.RadioUkraine2007}} and the National Bank of Ukraine issued a set of commemorative coins.{{sfn|Nat.BankUkraine2007}}

{{As of|2009|post=,}} Ukrainian schoolchildren take a more extensive course of the history of the Holodomor.{{sfn|ZIK (information agency)|2009}}

The [[National Museum of the Holodomor-Genocide]] was erected on the slopes of the Dnieper river, welcoming its first visitors on 22 November 2008.{{sfn|National Museum of the Holodomor|2018}} The ceremony of the memorial's opening was dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Holodomor. The year 2008 was declared by president [[Viktor Yushchenko]] as the "Year of Remembrance" to commemorate victims of the famine.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zadorozhnii |first=Oleksandr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 |title=International Law in the Relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation: Monograph |date=2016 |publisher=Yuri Marchenko |isbn=978-617-684-146-3 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001230619/https://books.google.com/books?id=lMokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In an October 2013 opinion poll, 33.7% of Ukrainians fully agreed and 30.4% rather agreed with the statement "The Holodomor was the result of actions committed by the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Soviet authorities]], along with Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, and was the result of human actions".{{sfn|Interfax Ukraine|2013}} In the same poll, 22.9% of those polled fully or partially agreed with the view that the famine was caused by natural circumstances, but 50.5% disagreed with that.{{sfn|Interfax Ukraine|2013}} Furthermore, 45.4% of respondents believed that the Holodomor was "a deliberate attempt to destroy the Ukrainian nation" and 26.2% rather or completely disagreed with this.{{sfn|Interfax Ukraine|2013}}
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Kyiv - 17 May 2010.jpeg|thumb|right|Ukrainian President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] (right) and Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] (left) near Memorial to the Holodomor Victims in Kyiv on 17 May 2010. Russia has since changed its policy and started downplaying or denying the Holodomor.]]
In a November 2021 poll, 85% agreed that the Holodomor was a genocide of Ukrainians.{{sfn|Rating Group Ukraine|2021}} A poll undertaken in Ukraine in 2022 recorded 93% agreeing that the Holodomor was a genocide with 3% disagreeing.{{sfn|Ukrinform|2022d}}
[[File:The Head of State, the First Lady commemorated the victims of the famines in Ukraine. (53354825468).jpg|thumb|Ukraine's Commander-in-Chief [[Valerii Zaluzhnyi]] at an event to mark the 90th anniversary of the Holodomor, 25 November 2023]]
On 19 October 2022, Russian occupation authorities dismantled a Holodomor monument in the destroyed city of Mariupol on the basis that it was not a monument but a symbol of "disinformation at the state level".{{sfn|Balachuk|2022}} Ukrainian culture minister [[Oleksandr Tkachenko (journalist)|Oleksandr Tkachenko]] said "such acts signifies that the current Russian regime is a true successor to the one guilty of crimes against humanity and the Ukrainian people".{{sfn|New Voice - UA|2022}}

=== Germany ===
Perhaps the first public commemoration of victims was a procession held by Ukrainians displaced in the Second World War in 1948 in Munich, the administrative centre of the [[American Zone of Occupation|American zone of occupation]] in Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lypovetakyi |first=Sviatoslav |date=14 November 2020 |title=Vid the greatest generation do pokolinnia primarily dii |script-title=uk:Від The greatest generation до покоління прямої дії |url=https://tyzhden.ua/vid-the-greatest-generation-do-pokolinnia-priamoi-dii/ |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=[[Ukrainskyi Tyzhden]] |language=uk |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405160956/https://tyzhden.ua/vid-the-greatest-generation-do-pokolinnia-priamoi-dii/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The most recent countries to recognize Holodomor as a genocide are Germany and Vatican City.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kończal |first1=Kornelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-m9EAAAQBAJ&dq=holodomor+vatican+germany&pg=PT5 |title=Patriotic History and the (Re)Nationalization of Memory |last2=Moses |first2=A. Dirk |author2-link=A. Dirk Moses |date=27 June 2023 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-89930-6 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001230223/https://books.google.com/books?id=C-m9EAAAQBAJ&dq=holodomor+vatican+germany&pg=PT5 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Canada ===
The first public monument to the Holodomor was erected and dedicated in 1983 outside City Hall in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], Canada, to mark the 50th anniversary of the famine-genocide. Since then, the fourth Saturday in November has in many jurisdictions been marked as the official day of remembrance for people who died as a result of the 1932–1933 Holodomor and political repression.{{sfn|Bradley|1999}}

On 22 November 2008, [[Ukrainian Canadians]] marked the beginning of National Holodomor Awareness Week and Holodomor Memorial Day (the fourth Friday of November in Schools and the fourth Saturday of November globally). The success of this initiative is attributed to [[Valentina Kuryliw]], as chair of the National Holodomor Education Committee{{sfn|Ukrainian Canadian Congress |2020}} of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress. Citizenship, Immigration, and Multiculturalism Minister [[Jason Kenney]] attended a vigil in [[Kyiv]].{{sfn|CTV news|2008}} In November 2010, Prime Minister Stephen Harper visited the Holodomor memorial in Kyiv, although Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych did not join him.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Saskatchewan became the first jurisdiction in North America and the first province in Canada to recognize the Holodomor as a genocide.{{sfn|Government of Saskatchewan|2013}} The Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act was introduced in the Saskatchewan Legislature on 6 May 2008,{{sfn|Visnyk|2008|p=13}} and received royal assent on 14 May 2008.{{sfn|Ukrainian Canadian Congress|2008}}

On 9 April 2009, the province of [[Ontario]] unanimously passed bill 147, "The Holodomor Memorial Day Act", which calls for the fourth Saturday in November to be a day of remembrance. This was the first piece of legislation in the Province's history to be introduced with Tri-Partisan sponsorship: the joint initiators of the bill were [[Dave Levac]], MPP for Brant (Liberal Party); [[Cheri DiNovo]], MPP for Parkdale–High Park (NDP); and [[Frank Klees]], MPP for Newmarket–Aurora (PC). MPP Levac was made a chevalier of [[Order of Merit (Ukraine)|Ukraine's Order of Merit]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Ontario MPP gets Ukrainian knighthood for bill honouring victims of famine |url= http://www.thespec.com/news-story/2181600-ontario-mpp-gets-ukrainian-knighthood-for-bill-honouring-victims-of-famine/ |agency= [[The Canadian Press]] |date= 20 November 2010 |access-date= 22 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150519051222/http://www.thespec.com/news-story/2181600-ontario-mpp-gets-ukrainian-knighthood-for-bill-honouring-victims-of-famine/ |archive-date= 19 May 2015}}</ref>

On 2 June 2010, the province of [[Quebec]] unanimously passed bill 390, "Memorial Day Act on the great Ukrainian famine and genocide (the Holodomor)".{{sfn|Ukrainian Canadian Congress |2010}}

On 25 September 2010, a new Holodomor monument was unveiled at St. Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Church, [[Mississauga]], Ontario, Canada, bearing the inscription "Holodomor: Genocide By Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933" and a section in Ukrainian bearing mention of the 10 million victims.<ref>{{cite web |title= Holodomor Monument – Пам'ятник Голодомору 1932–33 |url= http://www.stmaryscawthra.com/holodomor-monument.php |publisher= St. Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Church |access-date= 22 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130106234945/http://www.stmaryscawthra.com/holodomor-monument.php |archive-date= 6 January 2013}}</ref>

On 21 September 2014, a statue entitled "Bitter Memories of Childhood" was unveiled outside the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]] in [[Winnipeg]] to memorialize the Holodomor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrainianwinnipeg.ca/holodomor-monument-unveiling/ |title=Unveiling of the Holodomor monument "Bitter Memories of Childhood" |publisher=UkrainianWinnipeg.ca |date=22 September 2014 |access-date=22 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108061605/http://www.ukrainianwinnipeg.ca/holodomor-monument-unveiling/ |archive-date=8 January 2017}}</ref>

A monument to the Holodomor has been erected on Calgary's [[Memorial Drive (Calgary)|Memorial Drive]], itself originally designated to honour Canadian servicemen of the First World War. The monument is located in the district of [[Renfrew, Calgary|Renfrew]] near Ukrainian Pioneer Park, which pays tribute to the contributions of Ukrainian immigrants to Canada.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

On 21 October 2018, a memorial statue was unveiled on Canada Boulevard in [[Exhibition Place]] of Toronto. The site provides a place for an annual memorial on the fourth Saturday of November.<ref>{{cite web |website=www.explace.on.ca |publisher=Canadian National Exhibition Association |url=https://www.explace.on.ca/about/blog/the-holodomor-memorial-project |title=The Holodomor Memorial Project |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231204105/https://www.explace.on.ca/about/blog/the-holodomor-memorial-project}}</ref>

=== Poland ===
On 16 March 2006, the [[Senate of Poland|Senate of the Republic of Poland]] paid tribute to the victims of the ''Great Famine'' and declared it an act of genocide, expressing solidarity with the Ukrainian nation and its efforts to commemorate this crime.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uchwała Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 16 marca 2006 r. w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie |language=pl |trans-title=Resolution of the Senate of the Republic of Poland of 16 March 2006 on the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine |url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20060210234 |access-date=9 March 2021 |website=isap.sejm.gov.pl |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314210539/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20060210234 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 January 2015, a Holodomor monument was erected in the city of [[Lublin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wpolityce.pl/historia/230797-odslonieto-pomnik-ofiar-wielkiego-glodu-na-ukrainie|title=Odsłonięto pomnik ofiar Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie|trans-title=Monument unveiled to victims of the Great Famine in Ukraine|language=pl|newspaper=wPolityce.pl|date=22 January 2015|access-date=22 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122045429/http://wpolityce.pl/historia/230797-odslonieto-pomnik-ofiar-wielkiego-glodu-na-ukrainie|archive-date=22 November 2016}}</ref>

=== United States ===
''The Ukrainian Weekly'' reported a meeting taking place on 27 February 1982 in the parish center of the [[Ukrainian Catholic National Shrine of the Holy Family]] in commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Great Famine caused by the Soviet authorities. On 20 March 1982, the ''Ukrainian Weekly'' also reported a multi-ethnic community meeting that was held on 15 February on the North Shore Drive at the [[Ukrainian Village, Chicago|Ukrainian Village]] in Chicago to commemorate the famine which took the lives of seven million Ukrainians. Other events in commemoration were held in other places around the United States as well.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

On 29 May 2008, the city of [[History of the Ukrainians in Baltimore|Baltimore]] held a candlelight commemoration for the Holodomor at the War Memorial Plaza in front of City Hall. This ceremony was part of the larger international journey of the "International Holodomor Remembrance Torch", which began in Kyiv and made its way through thirty-three countries. Twenty-two other US cities were also visited during the tour. Then-Mayor [[Sheila Dixon]] presided over the ceremony and declared 29 May to be "Ukrainian Genocide Remembrance Day in Baltimore". She referred to the Holodomor "among the worst cases of man's inhumanity towards man".{{sfn|Berg|2008}}

On 2 December 2008, a ceremony was held in [[Washington, D.C.]], for the Holodomor Memorial.{{sfn|Bihun|2008}} On 13 November 2009, [[U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] released a statement on Ukrainian Holodomor Remembrance Day. In this, he said that "remembering the victims of the man-made catastrophe of Holodomor provides us an opportunity to reflect upon the plight of all those who have suffered the consequences of extremism and tyranny around the world".{{sfn|Interfax Ukraine|2009}}{{sfn|Obama|2009}} NSC Spokesman Mike Hammer released a similar statement on 20 November 2010.{{sfn|Obama2010}}

In 2011, the American day of remembrance of Holodomor was held on 19 November. The statement released by the White House Press Secretary reflects on the significance of this date, stating that "in the wake of this brutal and deliberate attempt to break the will of the people of Ukraine, Ukrainians showed great courage and resilience. The establishment of a proud and independent Ukraine twenty years ago shows the remarkable depth of the Ukrainian people's love of freedom and independence".{{sfn|Obama2011}}

On 7 November 2015, the [[Holodomor Genocide Memorial, Washington, DC|Holodomor Genocide Memorial]] was opened in Washington D.C.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.unian.info/world/1108244-holodomor-memorial-presented-in-washington.html |title=Holodomor Memorial presented in Washington |work=[[UNIAN]] |date=5 August 2015 |access-date=7 November 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023032/http://www.unian.info/world/1108244-holodomor-memorial-presented-in-washington.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|McDaniels|2015}}

In the [[115th Congress]], both the [[United States Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives]] adopted resolutions commemorating the 85th anniversary of the Holodomor, "the Soviet Union's manmade famine that it committed against the people of Ukraine in 1932 and 1933."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/74/text |title=Text – S.Res.74 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): A resolution marking the fifth anniversary of Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity by honoring the bravery, determination, and sacrifice of the people of Ukraine during and since the Revolution, and condemning continued Russian aggression against Ukraine |website=www.congress.gov |date=16 July 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829114337/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/74/text |url-status=live}}</ref> The Senate Resolution, S. Res. 435 (115th Congress)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/435/text |title=Text – S.Res.435 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the 85th anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933, known as the Holodomor, should serve as a reminder of repressive Soviet policies against the people of Ukraine |website=www.congress.gov |date=3 October 2018 |access-date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511000527/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/435/text |url-status=live}}</ref> was adopted on 3 October 2018 and stated that the U.S. Senate "solemnly remembers the 85th anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 and extends its deepest sympathies to the victims, survivors, and families of this tragedy."

On 11 December 2018, the United States House of Representatives adopted H. Res. 931 (115th Congress),<ref name=holodomor-us-senate/> a resolution extending the House's "deepest sympathies to the victims and survivors of the Holodomor of 1932–1933, and their families" and condemned "the systematic violations of human rights, including the freedom of self-determination and freedom of speech, of the Ukrainian people by the Soviet Government."{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} On 12 May 2022, and at the 117th United States congress, a new H. Res. 1109 was adopted, recognizing the Holodomor as a genocide and the resolution to serve as a reminder of the repressive Soviet policies including the blockade policy that prevented the delivery of humanitarian aid and people from escaping.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=H.Res.1109 – Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Ukrainian famine of 1932–1933, known as the Holodomor, is recognized as a genocide and should serve as a reminder of repressive Soviet policies against the people of Ukraine |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/1109/text?r=1&s=1 |access-date=20 August 2022 |publisher=United States House of Representatives |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820213957/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/1109/text?r=1&s=1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== On film ===
The 2019 feature film ''[[Mr Jones (2019 film)|Mr Jones]]'', starring [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]] and directed by [[Agnieszka Holland]], focuses on Jones and his investigation of and reporting on the Ukrainian famine in the face of political and journalistic opposition. In January 2019, it was selected to compete for the [[Golden Bear]] at the [[69th Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/alle/Alle-Detail_48917.html |title=Selection for Competition and Berlinale Special Completed |work=Berlinale |access-date=17 January 2019 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326173855/https://www.berlinale.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/alle/Alle-Detail_48917.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film won Grand Prix Golden Lions at the 44th [[Gdynia Film Festival]] in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |title=Mr. Jones tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |work=Cineuropa |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924184737/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Vatican City ===
On 23 November 2022, [[Pope Francis]] held a ceremony to remember the victims of the famine. He referred to the Holodomor as a genocide. "Let us remember long-suffering Ukraine. This Saturday marks the anniversary of the terrible genocide of the Holodomor in 1932–1933 artificially caused by Stalin. Let us pray for the victims of this genocide and pray for the all Ukrainians, the children, the women and the elderly, the babies, who are today suffering the martyrdom of aggression."{{sfn|Ukrinform|2022a}}

=== Holodomor memorials ===
{{main|List of Holodomor memorials and monuments}}
<gallery>
File:Edmonton Holodomor Memorial 2020.jpg|First in the world: 1983 Holodomor Monument in [[Edmonton]], Canada
File:Holodomor education van.jpg|Touring van devoted to Holodomor education, seen in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2017
File:HolodomorKyivSvichky.jpg|"Light the candle" event at a Holodomor memorial in Kyiv
File:Holodomor Plaque Los Angeles.jpg|Plaque in [[Grand Park]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], United States
File:Holomor Art Denysenko 1.jpg|Poster by Australian artist [[Leonid Denysenko]]
File:Golodomor Stamps of Ukraine.JPG|Stamp of Ukraine, 1993
File:Monument dedicated to victims of years 1932-33 famine.jpg|Monument dedicated to victims of years 1932–1933 famine in Vyshhorod, Ukraine. The authors are [[Boris Krylov]] and Oles Sydoruk
File:Field of Wheat (memorial).jpg|Holodomor Memorial to Victims of the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide of 1932–1933, Washington DC.
</gallery>