Editing Islam and democracy (section)

==Indices of democracy in Muslim countries==
There are several non-governmental organizations that publish and maintain [[List of democracy indices|indices of democracy]] in the world, according to their own various definitions of the term, and rank [[Free country (politics)|countries as being free]], partly free, or unfree using various measures of freedom, including [[civil and political rights|political rights]], [[Economic freedom|economic rights]], [[freedom of the press]] and [[civil liberties]].

The following lists [[List of Muslim-majority countries|Muslim-majority countries]] and shows the scores given by two frequently used indices: 2022 [[Democracy Index|Democracy Index (The Economist)]]<ref>{{Cite web | url= https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2022/ |title=Democracy Index 2022 |publisher=[[Economist Intelligence Unit]] | access-date=3 March 2023 | archive-date= 10 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210003136/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2022/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and 2023 [[V-Dem Democracy indices]]<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web | author1 = Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. | date= 2021 | title= "V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v11.1" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. | publisher= Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project | doi= 10.23696/vdemds21 | url= https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds21 }}</ref> for electoral democracy. These indices are frequently used in Western media, but have attracted some [[Democracy Index#Criticism|criticism]] and may not reflect recent changes.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Location
! Democracy Index Score
! Democracy Index Rank
! Democracy Index Category
! V-Dem electoral democracy index
! Type of government
! Religion and State
|-
| {{flaglist|Afghanistan}} || 0.32 || 167 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.082 || [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Provisional government|provisional]] [[theocratic]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[emirate]]|| [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Albania}} || 6.41 || 64 || [[Flawed democracy]] || 0.484 || [[Parliamentary system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Algeria}} || 3.66 || 113 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.281 || [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] constitutional republic || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Azerbaijan}} || 2.87 || 134 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.188 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Bahrain}} || 2.52 || 141 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.122 || [[Constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || 5.99 || 73 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.274 || [[Parliamentary republic]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 5.00 || 97 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.528 || [[Parliamentary republic]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Brunei}} || – || – || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || - || [[Absolute monarchy]] || [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Burkina Faso}} || 3.08 || 127 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.295|| [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Chad}} || 1.67 || 160 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.14 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Comoros}} || 3.20 || 120 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.284 || [[Presidential system]], [[Federal republic]] || [[Islamic state]] (de jure)<br>[[Secular state]] (de facto)
|-
| {{flaglist|Djibouti}} || 2.74 || 137 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.255 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Egypt}} || 2.93 || 131 || [[Authoritarian regime]] || 0.175 || [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] constitutional republic || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Gambia}} || 4.47 || 102 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.62 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Guinea}} || 2.32 || 145 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.191 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}} || 2.56 || 140 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.371 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Indonesia}} || 6.71 || 54 || [[Flawed democracy]] || 0.574 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Iran}} || 1.96 || 154 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.182 || [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[theocratic]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[Islamic Republic]] || [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Iraq}} || 3.13 || 124 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.362 || [[Parliamentary republic]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Ivory Coast}} || 4.22 || 106 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.437 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Jordan}} || 3.17 || 122 || [[Authoritarian regime]] ||0.259 || [[Constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Kazakhstan}} || 3.08 || 127 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.277 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Kosovo}} || -|| – || – || 0.618 || || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Kuwait}} || 3.83 || 111 || [[Authoritarian regime]] || 0.317 || [[Constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}} || 3.62 || 116 || [[Authoritarian regime]]  || 0.382 || [[Parliamentary republic]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Lebanon}} || 3.64 || 115 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.426 || [[Confessionalism (politics)|Confessionalist]] [[Parliamentary republic]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Libya}} || 2.06 || 151 || [[Authoritarian regime]] || 0.213 || [[Provisional government]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Malaysia}} || 7.30 || 40 || [[Flawed democracy]] || 0.438 || [[Constitutional monarchy]], [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Maldives}} || – || – || – || 0.583 || || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Mali}} || 3.23 || 119 || [[Authoritarian regime]] || 0.235 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Mauritania}} || 4.03 || 108 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.395 || [[Islamic republic]], [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Morocco}} || 5.04 || 95 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.264 || [[Constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Niger}} || 3.73 || 112 || [[Authoritarian regime]] || 0.511 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Nigeria}} || 4.23 || 105 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.49 || [[Federalism]], [[presidential system]] || [[Secular state]], [[Islamic state]] (only in the [[northern Nigeria]]n states)
|-
| {{flaglist|Oman}} || 3.12 || 125 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.17 || [[Absolute monarchy]] || [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Pakistan}} || 4.13 || 107 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.388|| [[Islamic Republic]], [[Federalism]], [[parliamentary republic]] || [[Islamic state]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan|title=The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|via=Wikisource|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=March 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323040415/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.na.gov.pk/publications/constitution.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 5, 2020 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226123401/http://www.na.gov.pk/publications/constitution.pdf%20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1335242059_665.pdf|title=ENFORCEMENT OF SHARI'AH ACT. 1991|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=August 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818215649/http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1335242059_665.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flaglist|State of Palestine}} || 3.86 || 110 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.26 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[State religion]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2009)008-e |title=BASIC LAW - OF THE PALESTINIAN NATIONAL AUTHORITY |access-date=23 January 2022 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030081752/https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2009)008-e |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{flaglist|Qatar}} || 3.65 || 114 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.088 || [[Constitutional monarchy|Semi-constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Saudi Arabia}} || 2.08 || 150 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.016 || Islamic [[absolute monarchy]] || [[Islamic state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Senegal}} || 5.72 || 79 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.69 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Sierra Leone}} || 5.03 || 96 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.559 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Somalia}} || || || || 0.162 || [[Federalism]], [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| ‡{{flaglist|Somaliland}} (Somalia) || || || || 0.421 || || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Sudan}} || 2.47 || 144 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.169 || [[Federalism]], [[presidential system]] || [[Secular state]] (de jure)<br>[[Islamic state]] (de facto)
|-
| {{flaglist|Syria|revolution}}|| - || - || [[Caretaker government]] || - || transitioning || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Tajikistan}} || 1.94 || 156 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.175 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Tunisia}} || 5.51 || 85 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.307 || [[Semi-presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Turkey}} || 4.35 || 103 || [[Hybrid regime]] || 0.276 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey|title=Constitution of the Republic of Turkey|via=Wikisource|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-date=December 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204053416/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209123304/https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf |date=February 9, 2020 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{flaglist|Turkmenistan}} || 1.66 || 161 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.149 || [[Presidential system]], [[one-party state]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| {{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}} || 2.90 || 133 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.101 || [[Federalism]], [[Constitutional monarchy]] || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Uzbekistan}} || 2.12 || 149 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.221 || [[Presidential system]] || [[Secular state]]
|-
| ‡[[Western Sahara]] (controlled by Morocco) || – || – || – || - || || [[State religion]]
|-
| {{flaglist|Yemen}} || 1.95 || 155 || [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian regime]] || 0.123 || [[Provisional government]] || [[Islamic state]]
|}
:'''Key:''' '''‡''' – Disputed territory (according to Freedom House)