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Language interpretation
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==Certifications== {{Globalize|section|China|date=June 2019}} No worldwide testing or certification agency exists for all types of interpreters. For conference interpretation, there is the [[International Association of Conference Interpreters]]. Specific regions, countries, or even cities will have their own certification standards. In many cases, graduates of a certain caliber university program acts as a de facto certification for conference interpretation. ===China=== The most recognized interpretation and translation certificate in the People's Republic of China is the China Accreditation Test for Translation and Interpretation (CATTI). Entrusted by China's Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, it is a translation and interpretation professional qualification accreditation test that is implemented throughout the country according to uniform standards, in order to assess examinees' bilingual translation or interpretation capability. CATTI was introduced in 2003. In later 2013, translation and interpreting tests of different levels in English, French, Japanese, Russian, German, Spanish and Arabic were held across the nation. Those examinees who pass CATTI and obtain translation and interpretation certificates acquire corresponding translation and interpretation professional titles. * Senior translator or interpreter – professor of translation or interpretation * Level 1 translator or interpreter – associate professor of translation or interpretation * Level 2 translator or interpreter – translator or interpreter * Level 3 translator or interpreter – assistant translator or interpreter Relevant institutions from Australia, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and other countries as well as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Taiwan have established work ties with CATTI. ===Germany=== In Germany, anyone can become and call themselves an interpreter; access to this profession is not regulated, but court interpreters must be sworn in and prove their qualifications, e.g. through a recognized certificate or professional experience of several years.<ref name="bdue-wege">{{cite web | title = Wege zum Beruf | publisher = Bundesverband der Dolmetscher/innen und Übersetzer/innen | url = https://bdue.de/fuer-dolmetscher-/-uebersetzer/wege-zum-beruf | language = de | access-date = 2021-04-29 }}</ref> In order to learn and practice the necessary skills, colleges and universities offer studies in Translation and/or Interpretation Studies, primarily to/from English, but there are also Sign Language Interpretation studies.<ref name="bdue-wege"/> Admission to higher education, however, is highly [[Education in Germany#Admission|restricted]]. Some states offer a State Examination title {{lang|de|Staatlich geprüfter Dolmetscher}}. Unlike a bachelor's or master's degree, this certificate merely ''certifies'' professional skills. Access to the exam is far easier, but requires proof of the necessary skills. For that, there are private schools that offer preparatory courses. Attending these schools is usually sufficient to prove someone's aptitude.<ref name="bdue-wege"/> Of course, a university or college degree is accepted, too. Furthermore, the State Examination is offered in ''many more'' languages, including German Sign Language, yet primarily to/from German.
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