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===General and cited references=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1= Ahmed|first1= M. Basheer|last2= Ahsani|first2= Syed A.|date= 2005|title= Muslim Contributions to World Civilization|location= King's Lynn|publisher= Biddles Ltd.|isbn= 1565644115}} * {{citation|last=Barnes|first=Robert|chapter=3. 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