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== References == === Citations === {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Advent">{{cite journal |first1= Bartholomew |last1= Hott |first2= George E. |last2= Pollock |title= The Advent, Evolution, and New Horizons of United States Stealth Aircraft |url= http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~gpollock/The%20Advent,%20Evolution,%20and%20New%20Horizons%20of%20United%20States%20Stealth%20Aircraft.htm |website= ics.purdue.edu |access-date= 12 June 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030216054101/http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~gpollock/The%20Advent%2C%20Evolution%2C%20and%20New%20Horizons%20of%20United%20States%20Stealth%20Aircraft.htm |archive-date= 16 February 2003}}</ref> <ref name="aerospace">{{cite magazine |title= Skunk Works official touts A/F-117X as Navy stealth option |magazine= Aerospace Daily |volume= 171 |number= 56 |date= 1994 |page= 446}}</ref> <ref name="airforce-magazine">{{cite magazine |last= Grier |first= Peter |title= Constant Peg |magazine= Air Force Magazine |volume= 90 |number= 4 |date= April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="airforce-magazine11">{{cite magazine |last= Rhodes |first= Jeffrey P. |url= http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1990/July%201990/0790blackjet.aspx |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120316235637/http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1990/July%201990/0790blackjet.aspx |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 16 March 2012 |title= The Black Jet |magazine= Air Force Magazine |volume= 73 |issue= 7 |date= July 1990 |access-date= 20 January 2007}}</ref> <ref name="airforces6">{{cite magazine |last= Nixon |first= Mark |title= Gallant Knights, MiG-29 in Action during Allied Force |magazine= AirForces Monthly |date= January 2002}}</ref> <ref name="airforcetimes">{{cite web |title= F-117 pilot school closes |website= Air Force Times |url= http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/1-292925-2308561.php |access-date= 20 January 2007 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120717224337/http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/1-292925-2308561.php |archive-date= 17 July 2012 |url-status= dead}}</ref> <ref name="archive">{{cite web |last= Dsouza |first= Larkins |url= http://www.defenceaviation.com/2007/02/how-was-f-117-shot-down-part-2.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090415224243/http://www.defenceaviation.com/2007/02/how-was-f-117-shot-down-part-2.html |title= Who shot down F-117? |publisher= Defence Aviation |date= 8 February 2007 |access-date= 1 August 2011 |archive-date= 15 April 2009}}</ref> <ref name="archive7">{{cite web |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926193626/https://143.84.99.110/Rmonline/docs/utilities/guidance/720-Spbds.pdf |url= https://143.84.99.110/Rmonline/docs/utilities/guidance/720-Spbds.pdf |title= Program Budget Decision 720 |publisher= Department of Defense |archive-date= 26 September 2007}}</ref> <ref name="atn070316">{{cite news |last= Barrier |first= Terri |title= F-117A retirement bittersweet occasion |journal= Aerotech News and Review |date= 16 March 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Bates">{{cite web |last= Bates |first= Matthew |url= https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/129253/f-117-a-long-storied-history-that-is-about-to-end/ |title= F-117: A long, storied history that is about to end |publisher= US Air Force |date= 28 October 2006}}</ref> <ref name="bbc">{{cite web |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/iraq/57173.stm |title= Top Gun β the F-117 Stealth Fighter |publisher= [[BBC News]] |date= 16 February 1999 |access-date= 10 May 2011}}</ref> <ref name="boston">{{cite news |last= Shea |first= Christopher |url= http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/02/04/now_you_see_it/ |title= Now you see it... |newspaper= [[Boston Globe]] |date= 4 February 2007 |access-date= 11 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="Centennial">{{cite web |last= Day |first= Dwayne A. |url= http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/Stealth_tech/Tech18.htm |title= Stealth Technology |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090118004540/http://centennialofflight.gov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/Stealth_tech/Tech18.htm |archive-date= 18 January 2009 |publisher= Centennial of Flight |date= 2003 |access-date= 13 November 2010}}</ref> <ref name="chinadigitaltimes">{{cite web |last1= Stojanovic |first1= Dusan |url= http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2011/01/chinas-new-stealth-fighter-may-use-u-s-technology/ |title= China's new stealth fighter may use U.S. technology |work= China Digital Times |date= 23 January 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Dani">{{cite news |url= https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-10-26-serb-stealth_x.htm |title= Serb discusses 1999 downing of stealth |publisher= USA Today |date= 26 October 2005 |access-date= 1 July 2009}}</ref> <ref name="defensemedianetwork">{{cite web |last= Gresham |first= John D. |url= http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/emerging-from-the-shadows/ |title= Gulf War 20th: Emerging from the Shadows |publisher= defensemedianetwork.com |date= 21 January 2011 |access-date= 1 August 2011}}</ref> <ref name="description">{{cite web |last= Riccioni |first= Everest E. |url= http://www.pogo.org#prof |title= Description of our Failing Defence Acquisition System |publisher= Project on government oversight |date= 8 March 2005 |quote= This event, which occurred during the Kosovo conflict on 27 March, was a major blow to the US Air Force. The aircraft was special: an F-117 Nighthawk stealth bomber that should have been all but invisible to the Serbian air defences. And this certainly wasn't a flukeβa few nights later, Serb missiles damaged a second F-117.}}</ref> <ref name="designation-systems">{{cite web |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/412015-L(addendum).html |title= DOD 4120.15-L β Addendum |publisher= United States Department of Defense |date= December 2007 |access-date= 12 June 2010}}</ref> <ref name="discovery">{{cite web |url= http://military.discovery.com/convergence/stealth/article/article.html |title= The Secrets of Stealth |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070603220548/http://military.discovery.com/convergence/stealth/article/article.html |archive-date= 3 June 2007 |publisher= Discovery Military Channel}}</ref> <ref name="donald">{{harvnb|Donald|2003|p=98}}</ref> <ref name="dtic">{{cite web |last= Ufimtsev |first= P.Ya. |url= http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0733203 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121009010657/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0733203 |title= Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction |publisher= oai.dtic.mil |access-date= 6 June 2024 |archive-date= 9 October 2012}}</ref> <ref name="dtic10">{{cite web |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200603/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/412015l.pdf |url= http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/412015l.pdf |title= DOD 4120.15-L: Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles |page= 18 |publisher= United States Department of Defense |date= 12 May 2004 |access-date= 20 January 2007 |archive-date= 2007-09-30}}</ref> <ref name="dtic3">{{citation |title= DOD 4120.15-L: Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles |url= http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/412015l_0504/p412015l.pdf |publisher= United States Department of Defense |access-date= 17 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20041114082719/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/412015l_0504/p412015l.pdf |archive-date= 14 November 2004 |page= 38 |url-status= dead |date= 12 May 2004}}</ref> <ref name="eden">{{harvnb|Eden|2004|pp=242β243}}</ref> <ref name="edwards">{{cite web |url= https://www.edwards.af.mil/News/story/id/123109357/ |title= 410th FLTS 'Baja Scorpions' closes historic chapter |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120303043234/http://www.edwards.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123109357 |archive-date= 3 March 2012 |publisher= U.S. Air Force |url-status= live |date= 5 August 2008}}</ref> <ref name="f-117a">[http://www.f-117a.com/Senior.html F-117A "Senior Trend"]. ''f-117a.com''. Retrieved 12 June 2010</ref> <ref name="f-117a9">[http://www.f-117a.com/Variants.html "Variant Aircraft"]. ''f-117a.com'', 14 July 2003. Retrieved 7 November 2010</ref> <ref name="f117reunion">{{cite web |url= http://www.f117reunion.org/f117_history.htm |title= F-117 History |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120127065241/http://www.f117reunion.org/f117_history.htm |archive-date= 27 January 2012 |publisher= F-117 Stealth Fighter Association |access-date= 20 January 2007}}</ref> <ref name="fas">{{cite web |url= http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/attack/f117a.html |title= F-117A Nighthawk |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140401051317/http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/attack/f117a.html |archive-date= 1 April 2014 |publisher= [[Federation of American Scientists]] |access-date= 13 November 2010}}</ref> <ref name="flightglobal">{{cite news |last= Radecki |first= Alan |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/08/08/310533/f-117s-final-formation-fling.html |title= F-117's final formation fling |journal= Flight International |date= 8 August 2008 |access-date= 11 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="frontline">{{cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/weapons/stealth.html |title= Weapons: F-117A Stealth |publisher= PBS Frontline |access-date= 12 June 2010}}</ref> <ref name="Goodall p.19">{{harvnb|Goodall|1992|p=19}}</ref> <ref name="Goodall p.27">{{harvnb|Goodall|1992|p=27}}</ref> <ref name="Goodall p.29">{{harvnb|Goodall|1992|p=29}}</ref> <ref name="goodall">{{harvnb|Goodall|1992|p=24.}}</ref> <ref name="history">{{cite web |url= http://www.history.com/shows.do?episodeId=203430&action=detail |title= Stealth and Beyond: Air Stealth (TV-series) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061211194051/http://www.history.com/shows.do?episodeId=203430&action=detail |archive-date= 11 December 2006 |publisher= The History Channel |date= 2006 |access-date= 19 March 2008}}</ref> <ref name="international">{{cite news |title= Lockheed Martin targets RAF and USN for F-117 |journal= Flight International |date= 28 June 1995}}</ref> <ref name="LATRetire">{{cite news |last= Pae |first= Peter |url= http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-stealth23apr23,0,1539567.story |title= Stealth fighters fly off the radar |work= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= 23 April 2008 |access-date= 27 April 2008}}</ref> <ref name="maxwell">{{cite web |last1= Cunningham |first1= Jim |title= Cracks in the Black Dike, Secrecy, the Media and the F-117A |url= http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj91/fal91/cunn.htm |website= Air & Space Power Journal |publisher= United States Air Force |access-date= 19 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306182056/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj91/fal91/cunn.htm |archive-date= 6 March 2008 |date= Fall 1991}}</ref> <ref name="Miller1990">{{harvnb|Miller|1990}}</ref> <ref name="Nat_Museum_factsht">{{cite web |url= https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/198056/lockheed-f-117a-nighthawk/ |title= Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk |publisher= [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] |access-date= 16 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="new_f117n">{{cite journal |last= Morocco |first= John D. |title= Lockheed Returns to Navy with new F-117N Design |journal= Aviation Week & Space Technology |volume= 140 |number= 10 |date= 1994 |page= 26}}</ref> <ref name="newsbank">{{cite web |url= http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADA4695E8E4162&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM#profF-117 |title= Damage said attributed to full moon |publisher= Nl.newsbank.com |date= 6 May 1999 |access-date= 19 February 2012}}</ref> <ref name="not_inter">{{cite journal |title= Navy still not interested in F-117N; JAST plan due tomorrow |journal= Aerospace Daily |volume= 167 |number= 52 |date= 1993 |page= 426}}</ref> <ref name="nydailynews">{{cite news |last= Daly |first= M. |url= http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2003/03/21/2003-03-21_tape_reveals_stealth_of_our_.html |title= Tape Reveals Stealth of Our Ukrainian Pal |work= Daily News |access-date= 2 January 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110604234721/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2003/03/21/2003-03-21_tape_reveals_stealth_of_our_.html |archive-date= 4 June 2011}}</ref> <ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |last= Schmitt |first= Eric |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFD71F30F934A25755C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 |title= Navy Looks On with Envy at Air Force Stealth Display |work= The New York Times |date= 17 June 1991 |access-date= 24 April 2010}}</ref> <ref name="rich">{{harvnb|Rich|1994|pp=26β27}}</ref> <ref name="rich1">{{harvnb|Rich|1994|p=71}}</ref> <ref name="rich4">Rich 1994, p. 21.</ref> <ref name="richardson">{{harvnb|Richardson|2001|p=57}}</ref> <ref name="richardson36">{{harvnb|Richardson|2001|p=36}}</ref> <ref name="richardson51">{{harvnb|Richardson|2001|p=51}}</ref> <ref name="thehill">{{cite web |last= Tiron |first= Roxana |url= http://hill6.thehill.com/business--lobby/new-mexico-air-force-base-at-crossroads-2006-02-22.html |title= New Mexico Air Force base at crossroads |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170601153738/http://hill6.thehill.com/business--lobby/new-mexico-air-force-base-at-crossroads-2006-02-22.html |archive-date= 1 June 2017 |work= The Hill |date= 22 February 2006 |access-date= 11 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="Topolsky">{{cite news |last= Topolsky |first= Joshua |url= https://www.engadget.com/2008/03/11/f-117-stealth-fighters-to-make-final-flight-no-one-will-know-abo/ |title= Air Force's stealth fighters making final flights |publisher= [[CNN]] |date= 11 March 2008 |access-date= 11 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="ufl-football">{{cite web |url= http://www.ufl-football.com/news/omaha-welcomes-nighthawks |title= Omaha Welcomes Nighthawks|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100509164246/http://www.ufl-football.com/news/omaha-welcomes-nighthawks |archive-date=9 May 2010 |publisher= ufl-football.com |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> <ref name="fas2">{{cite web |url= https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-117.htm |title= F-117A Nighthawk |publisher= [[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref> }} === Bibliography === {{refbegin|45em}} * {{cite book |last1= Aronstein |first1= David C. |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rzXdGpkDa7YC&q=During+the+NATO+bombing+of+Yugoslavia+in+1999+it+picked+up+the+nickname+%22Invisible%22+(Serbian+cyrillic+%22%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%22,+latin+%22Nevidljivi%22)+and+it+gained+popularity+after+it+was+shot+down+over+Serbian+airspace+near+Bu%C4%91anovci.+The+F-117+downing+became+a+spot+of+Serbian+pride+with+a+phrase+%22We+didn't+know+it+was+invisible%22+was+coined. |title= Have Blue and the F-117A: Evolution of the "Stealth Fighter" |last2= Piccirillo |first2= Albert C. |date= 1997 |publisher= AIAA |isbn= 978-1-56347-245-9 |language= en}} * {{cite book |last= Clark |first= Ramsey |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26097107 |title= The Fire This Time: U.S. War Crimes in the Gulf |date= 1992 |publisher= Thunder's Mouth Press |isbn= 1-56025-047-X |location= New York, US |oclc= 26097107}} * {{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IOshjF1z5dgC&pg=PT69 |title= Nighthawk F-117 Stealth Fighter |publisher= Zenith Imprint |last1= Crickmore |first1= Paul |first2= Alison J. |last2= Crickmore |orig-year= 1999 |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-1-61060-737-7}} * {{Cite book |last= Crocker |first= H.W. III |title= Don't Tread on Me |location= New York, US |publisher= Crown Forum |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-1-4000-5363-6 |url= https://archive.org/details/donttreadonme40000croc}} * {{cite book |editor-last= Donald |editor-first= David |title= Black Jets: The Development and Operation of America's Most Secret Warplanes |year= 2003 |location= Norwalk, Connecticut, US |publisher= AIRtime Publishing Inc. |isbn= 978-1-880588-67-3}} * {{cite book |last= Dorr |first= Robert F. |date= 2016 |title= Air Combat: A History of Fighter Pilots |publisher= Berkley |isbn= 978-0-425-21170-0}} * {{cite book |editor-last= Eden |editor-first= Paul |title= The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |location= London, UK |publisher= Amber Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 978-1-904687-84-9}} * {{cite book |last1= Gunston |first1= Bill |first2= Peter |last2= Gilchrist |title= Jet Bombers: From the Messerschmitt Me 262 to the Stealth B-2 |publisher= Osprey |date= 1993 |isbn= 1-85532-258-7}} * {{cite book |last= Goodall |first= James C. |title= America's Stealth Fighters and Bombers: B-2, F-117, YF-22 and YF-23 |location= St. Paul, Minnesota, US |publisher= Motorbooks International |year= 1992 |chapter= The Lockheed F-117A Stealth Fighter |isbn= 978-0-87938-609-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/americasstealthf00good}} * {{cite book |last1= Holder |first1= Bill |last2= Wallace |first2= Mike |title= Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk: An Illustrated History of the Stealth Fighter |year= 2000 |publisher= Schiffer Publishing, Ltd |location= Atglen, Pennsylvania, US |isbn= 978-0-7643-0067-7}} * {{cite book |last= Logan |first= Don |date= 2009 |title= Lockheed F-117 Nighthawks: A Stealth Fighter Roll Call |location= Atglen, Pennsylvania, US |publisher= Schiffer Publishing |isbn= 978-0-7643-3242-5}} * {{cite book |title= Images of Aviation: Area 51 |publisher= Arcadia Publishing |first= Peter W. |last= Merlin |year= 2011 |location= Boston, Massachusetts, US |isbn= 978-0-7385-7620-6}} * {{Cite book |last= Miller |first= Jay |title= Lockheed F-117 Stealth Fighter |location= Arlington, Texas, US |publisher= Aerofax Extra |year= 1990 |isbn= 978-0-942548-48-8}} * {{cite book |last= Nijboer |first= Donald |date= 2016 |title= Fighting Cockpits: In the Pilot's Seat of Great Military Aircraft from World War I to Today |publisher= Zenith Press |isbn= 978-0-7603-4956-4}} * {{cite book |last= Rich |first= Ben |title= Skunk Works |year= 1994 |location= New York, US |publisher= Back Bay Books |isbn= 978-0-316-74330-3 |url= https://archive.org/details/skunkworks00benr}} * {{cite book |last= Richardson |first= Doug |title= Stealth Warplanes |location= New York, US |publisher= Salamander Books Ltd. |isbn= 978-0-7603-1051-9 |year= 2001}} {{refend}} === Further reading === * {{cite book |last= Aronstein |first= David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo |title= Have Blue and the F-117A |location= Reston, Virginia, US |publisher= [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|AIAA]] |isbn= 978-1-56347-245-9 |year= 1997|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last= Fisk |first= Robert |title= The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East |location= New York, US |publisher= Alfred Knopf |isbn= 978-1-84115-007-9 |year= 2005|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last= Grant |first= R.G. and John R. Dailey |title= Flight: 100 Years of Aviation |year= 2007 |location= Harlow, Essex, UK |publisher= DK Adult |isbn= 978-0-7566-1902-2|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last1= Jenkins |first1= Dennis R. |first2= Tony R. |last2= Landis |title= Experimental & Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet Fighters |location= North Branch, Minnesota, US |publisher= Specialty Press |isbn= 978-1-58007-111-6 |year= 2008|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last= Sun |first= Andt |title= F-117A Stealth Fighter |year= 1990 |location= Hong Kong |publisher= Concord Publications Co. |isbn= 978-962-361-017-9|ref=none}} * {{cite book |editor-last= Winchester |editor-first= Jim |chapter= Lockheed F-117 |title= Modern Military Aircraft ''(Aviation Factfile)'' |year= 2004 |location= Rochester, Kent, UK |publisher= Grange Books plc |isbn= 978-1-84013-640-1|ref=none}} * {{cite book |title= The World's Great Stealth and Reconnaissance Aircraft |location= New York, US |publisher= Smithmark Publishing |isbn= 978-0-8317-9558-0 |year= 1991|ref=none}}
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