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=== Proposed technology enhancements === ==== Evacuated tubes ==== {{Main|Vactrain}} Some systems (notably the [[Swissmetro]] system and the [[Hyperloop]]) propose the use of vactrains—maglev train technology used in evacuated (airless) tubes, which removes [[air drag]]. This has the potential to increase speed and efficiency greatly, as most of the energy for conventional maglev trains is lost to aerodynamic drag.<ref name=popsci>{{cite web |url=http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev |title=Trans-Atlantic MagLev |date=12 April 2004 |access-date=1 September 2009 |archive-date=26 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126093425/http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev |url-status=live }}</ref> One potential risk for passengers of trains operating in evacuated tubes is that they could be exposed to the risk of cabin depressurization unless tunnel safety monitoring systems can repressurize the tube in the event of a train malfunction or accident though since trains are likely to operate at or near the Earth's surface, emergency restoration of ambient pressure should be straightforward. The [[RAND Corporation]] has depicted a vacuum tube train that could, in theory, cross the Atlantic or the USA in around 21 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P4874.html |title=The Very High Speed Transit System |publisher=RAND |access-date=29 September 2011 |year=1972 |last1=Salter |first1=Robert M. |archive-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926200435/http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P4874.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Rail-maglev hybrid <span class="anchor" id="Rail-maglev hybrid"></span> ==== The Polish startup [[Nevomo]] (previously ''Hyper Poland'') is developing a system for modifying existing railway tracks into a maglev system, on which conventional wheel-rail trains, as well maglev vehicles can travel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maglev.net/magrail-mix-of-maglev-and-traditional-rail |title=Magrail: The Brilliant Mix of Maglev and Traditional Rail |publisher=maglev.net |date=24 March 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808195901/https://www.maglev.net/magrail-mix-of-maglev-and-traditional-rail |url-status=live }}</ref> Vehicles on this so-called 'magrail' system will be able to reach speeds of up to {{convert|300|kph|mph}} at significantly lower infrastructure costs than stand-alone maglev lines. In 2023 Nevomo conducted the first MagRail tests on Europe's longest test track for passive magnetic levitation, which the company had previously built in Poland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.railtech.com/innovation/2022/11/25/why-develop-new-infrastructure-for-hyperloop-when-existing-rail-tracks-can-be-used/ |title=Why develop new infrastructure for hyperloop when existing rail tracks can be used? |publisher=railtech.com |date=25 November 2022 |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825192519/https://www.railtech.com/innovation/2022/11/25/why-develop-new-infrastructure-for-hyperloop-when-existing-rail-tracks-can-be-used/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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