Editing Mannerism (section)

===Giuseppe Arcimboldo===
[[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]] is most readily known for his artworks that incorporate [[still life]] and [[portrait]]ure.<ref name=":7" /> His style is viewed as Mannerist with the assemblage style of fruits and vegetables in which its composition can be depicted in various ways—right side up and upside down.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Arcimboldo|last=Kaufmann|first=Thomas DaCosta|date=2010|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226426877|pages=167|doi = 10.7208/chicago/9780226426884.001.0001}}</ref> Arcimboldo's artworks have also applied to Mannerism in terms of humor that it conveys to viewers, because it does not hold the same degree of seriousness as Renaissance works.<ref name=":7" /> Stylistically, Arcimboldo's paintings are known for their attention to nature and concept of a "monstrous appearance".<ref name=":7" />

One of Arcimboldo's paintings which contains various Mannerist characteristics is, ''[[Vertumnus (Arcimboldo)|Vertumnus]]''. Painted against a black background is a portrait of [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]], whose body is composed of various vegetables, flowers, and fruits.<ref name=":7" /> The joke of the painting communicates the humor of power which is that Emperor Rudolf II is hiding a dark inner self behind his public image.<ref name=":7" /> On the other hand, the serious tone of the painting foreshadows the good fortune that would be prevalent during his reign.<ref name=":7" />

''Vertumnus'' contains various Mannerist elements in terms of its composition and message. One element is the flat, black background which Arcimboldo utilizes to emphasize the status and identity of the Emperor, as well as highlighting the fantasy of his reign. In the portrait of Rudolf II, Arcimboldo also strays away from the [[Realism (arts)|naturalistic]] representation of the Renaissance, and explores the construction of composition by rendering him from a jumble of fruits, vegetables, plants and flowers. Another element of Mannerism which the painting portrays is the dual narrative of a joke and serious message; humor wasn't normally utilized in Renaissance artworks.

<gallery widths="230" heights="230" perrow="4">
File:Jacopo Pontormo 032.jpg|[[Pontormo|Jacopo Pontormo]], ''Joseph in Egypt'', 1515–1518, oil on wood, 96 x 109&nbsp;cm, [[National Gallery]], London
File:Fontainebleau interior francois I gallery 02.JPG|[[Rosso Fiorentino]], Francois I Gallery, ''[[Palace of Fontainebleau|Château de Fontainebleau]]'', France
File:AN00056627 001 l Caraglio Juno in niche.jpg|[[Juno (mythology)|Juno]] in a niche, [[engraving]] by [[Jacopo Caraglio]], probably from a drawing of 1526 by Rosso Fiorentino
File:Bibliotekarien konserverad - Skoklosters slott - 97136.tif|[[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]], ''[[The Librarian (Arcimboldo)|The Librarian]]'', 1562, [[Skokloster Castle]]
File:Arcimboldo, Giuseppe ~ Autumn, 1573, oil on canvas, Musée du Louvre, Paris.jpg|Giuseppe Arcimboldo, ''Autumn'', 1573, oil on canvas, Louvre Museum, Paris
File:Vertumnus årstidernas gud målad av Giuseppe Arcimboldo 1591 - Skoklosters slott - 91503.jpg|Giuseppe Arcimboldo, ''Vertumnus the god of seasons'', 1591, [[Skokloster Castle]]
File:Angelo Bronzino 037.jpg|[[Bronzino]], ''[[Portrait of Bia de' Medici]]'', {{circa|1545}}
File:Alessandro Allori - Susanna and The Elders - WGA00186.jpg|[[Alessandro Allori]], ''Susanna and the Elders'', 1561
File:Elgreco.christ.200pix.jpg|[[El Greco]], ''Baptism'', {{circa|1614}}
</gallery>