Editing Old Japanese (section)

==== Verbal prefixes ====
Japanese has used verbal prefixes conveying emphasis at all stages, but Old Japanese also had prefixes expressing grammatical functions, such as reciprocal or cooperative {{tlit|ojp|api<sub>1</sub>-}} (from {{tlit|ojp|ap-}} 'meet, join'), stative {{tlit|ojp|ari-}} (from {{tlit|ojp|ar-}} 'exist'), potential {{tlit|ojp|e<sub>2</sub>-}} (from {{tlit|ojp|e<sub>2</sub>-}} 'get') and prohibitive {{tlit|ojp|na-}}, which was often combined with a suffix {{tlit|ojp|-so<sub>2</sub>}}.{{sfn|Frellesvig|2010|p=79}}{{sfn|Vovin|2020|pp=512–515, 520–522, 530–534}}