Editing Oscan language (section)

=== Verbal system ===
Verbs in Oscan are inflected for the following categories:{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=27}}
* [[Grammatical tense|Tense]] (present, imperfect, future, perfect, and future perfect), 
* [[Grammatical voice|Voice]] (active, deponent/passive)
* [[Grammatical mood|Mood]] (indicative, imperative, subjunctive)
* [[Grammatical person|Person]] (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
* [[Grammatical number|Number]] (singular, plural)

Present, future and future perfect forms in the active voice use the following set of personal endings:{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=151}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st 
|| ''-ō'' || 
|-
! 2nd  
|| ''-s'' ||
|-
! 3rd 
|| ''-t'' || ''-nt''
|}

Imperfect, perfect indicative and all tenses of the subjunctive in the active voice use a different set of endings:{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=151}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st 
|| ''-m'' || 
|-
! 2nd  
|| ''-s'' ||
|-
! 3rd 
|| ''-d'' || ''-ns''
|}

Passive endings are attested only for the 3rd person: singular ''-ter'', plural ''-nter''.{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=154}}

Perfect stems are derived from the present stem in different ways. Latin ''-vī-'' and ''-s-'' perfects are not attested in Oscan.{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=169}} Instead, Oscan uses its own set of forms, including reduplicated perfects such as '''deded''' 'gave',  ''-tt-'' suffix as in '''prúfa-tt-ed''' 'approved', ''-k-'' suffix as in '''kella-k-ed''' 'collected, and ''-f-'' suffix as in '''aíkda-f-ed''' 'rebuilt'. Some verbs also use suppletive forms.{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=29}}

Other tenses are formed by suffixation:{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=30}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mood !! Tense !! Stem !! Suffix !! Example
|-
| rowspan=3 | Indicative || Imperfect || Present || ''-fā-'' || '''fu-fa-ns''' 'they were'
|-
| Future || Present || ''-(e)s-'' || ''deiua-s-t'' 'he will swear'
|-
| Future perfect || Perfect || ''-us-'' || '''tríbarakatt-us-et''' 'they will have built'
|-
| rowspan=3 | Subjunctive || Present || Present || ''-ī-'' (for a-stems), ''-ā-'' (for other stems) || ''deiua-i-d'' 'let him swear'
|-
| Imperfect || Present || ''-sē-'' || '''fu-sí-d''' 'should be'
|-
| Perfect || Perfect || ''-ē-'' || '''tríbarakatt-í-ns''' 'should build'
|}

The following non-finite forms are attested (all of them are based on the present stem):{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=33}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Form !! Suffix !! Example
|-
| Present active participle || ''-nt-'' || ''praese-nt-id'' 'being at hand' (Abl.sg. fem.)
|-
| Past participle || ''-to-'' || '''teremna-tu''' 'widened' (Nom.sg. fem.)
|-
| Present active infinitive || ''-om'' || '''tríbarakav-úm''' 'to build'
|-
| Present passive infinitive || ''-fi''/''-fir'' || '''sakara-fír''' 'to be consecrated'
|-
| Gerundive || ''-nno-'' || ''úpsa-nna-m'' 'build' (Acc.sg. fem.) 
|}