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Participle
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====Polish==== The Polish word for participle is ''imiesłów'' ([[plural|pl.]]: ''imiesłowy''). There are four types of ''imiesłowy'' in two classes: Adjectival participle (''imiesłów przymiotnikowy''): * active adjectival participle (''imiesłów przymiotnikowy czynny''): ''robiący'' – "doing", "one who does" * passive adjectival participle (''imiesłów przymiotnikowy bierny''): ''robiony'' – "being done" (can only be formed off [[transitive verb]]s) Adverbial participle (''imiesłów przysłówkowy''): * present adverbial participle (''imiesłów przysłówkowy współczesny''): robiąc – "doing", "while doing" * perfect adverbial participle (''imiesłów przysłówkowy uprzedni''): ''zrobiwszy'' – "having done" (formed in virtually all cases off verbs in their [[perfective aspect|perfective forms]], here denoted by the [[prefix]] ''z-'') Due to the distinction between adjectival and adverbial participles, in Polish it is practically impossible to make a [[dangling modifier|dangling participle]] in the classical English meaning of the term. For instance, in the sentence: *I found them hiding in the closet. it is unclear whether "I" or "they" were hiding in the closet. In Polish there is a clear distinction: * ''Znalazłem ich, chowając się w szafie.'' – ''chowając'' is a present adverbial participle agreeing grammatically with the subject ("I") * ''Znalazłem ich chowających się w szafie.'' – ''chowających'' is an active adjectival participle agreeing grammatically with the object ("them")
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